116 BIOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS 



FERTILIZATION 



Botany for Schools, Atkinson, pp. 182-186; Elementary Biology, Peabody 

 and Hunt, pp. 74-88. 



FLOWER STRUCTURE 



Plant Structures, Coulter, pp. 218-231; Lessons with Plants, Bailey, pp. 

 131-150; Botany for Schools, Atkinson, pp. 140-166; Elementary Biology, 

 Peabody and Hunt, pp. 70-74; Plant Life and Uses, Coulter, pp. 258-300; 

 Applied Biology, Bigelow, pp. 196-213. 



SUMMARY 



Function of flower, reproduction by means of seeds. 

 Steps in seed production. 



1. Pollenation. 



2. Fertilization. 



3. Growth of embryo in seed. 



Flower parts. Function. 



Calyx (sepals) Protection and support. 



Corolla (petals) Insect attraction for pollenation. 



Protection of essential organs. 

 Stamens, 



Anther Production of pollen. 



Filament Support of anther for pollenation. 



Pistil, 



Stigma To catch pollen: sticky, sometimes 



large. 

 Style To support stigma so as to catch 



pollen. 

 Ovary Contains ovules, forms fruit. 



Pollenation. 



Definition. Meaning of "cross-pollenation." 

 Means for pollenation: 

 Insects (clover, etc.) 



Adaptations for insect pollenation. 

 . Nectar, Odor, 



Bright color, Growth in clusters, 



Landing places, Special shapes. 



Wind (pine, corn, grasses, etc.) 

 Adaptations for wind pollenation. 



Flowers high above leaves, not conspicuous. 

 Petals and sepals small or lacking. 

 Pistils large and sticky. 

 Abundant pollen (why?) 

 No nectar nor odor. 



