INSECTA, CONTINUED 219 



Thorax, large and strong. 

 Wings small but powerful. 

 Legs, anterior with antenna cleaner, 

 middle with pollen spine, 

 posterior with pollen basket and wax shears. 

 Abdomen, six segments. 

 Ovipositor or sting. 

 Wax glands. 



2. Life history (complete metamorphosis) communal life. 



Egg, laid by queen in comb cells. 

 Larva, helpless grub, fed by workers. 

 Pupa, sealed in wax cell. 

 , Adult, three forms as follows: 



Queen, large, fertile female, produces eggs. 



Drone, thick body, large eyes, fertilizes eggs. 



Workers-, smaller, sting in place of ovipositor. 



3. Hive products: 



Wax, secreted from abdominal segments of workers. 

 Honey, concentrated and partly digested nectar. 

 Propolis, glue made from plant gums. " Bee bread." 



4. Division of labor (among workers). 



Collection of nectar, pollen and gum. 



Preparation of wax, honey, propolis, and bee bread. 



Feeding queen, drones, and larvae. 



Ventilating hives by fanning, cleaning hives. 



Guarding hives from intruding insects and robber bees. 



