INSECTS AND DISEASE 231 



The malaria germ had been seen by a French surgeon in 1880, 

 but not associated with mosquitoes at all, though in 1884 an 

 American, A. F. A. King, had urged this as possible. In 1897 

 two English physicians, Manson and Ross, traced the germ of 

 bird malaria to the mosquito and the following year two Italians, 

 Grassi and Bignami, found the germ of human malaria in the body 

 of mosquitoes. 



By experiments similar to those described for yellow fever, it 



FIG. 81. A male mosquito, T. incident; note the feathery antennae. 

 From Doane. 



was proven possible to live in health in the worst swamps of the 

 Roman Campagna, if protected from mosquitoes. To finally 

 prove their action in malaria transmission, Doctor Manson's son 

 and another volunteer were inoculated with malaria by mos- 

 quitoes brought from Italy. Both took the disease, but fortunately 

 were cured. It is to such work as this that science owes her victories 

 and to it we owe also our greater safety from disease. 



