THE REPTILES 279 



COLLATERAL READINGS 



Types of Animal Life, Mivart, pp. 121-148; Forms of Animal Life, 

 Rolleston, pp. 67-73; Winners in Life's Race, Buckley, pp. 89-122; Animal 

 Life, Thompson, pp. 259-264; Elementary Zoology, Kellogg, pp. 303-326; 

 Textbook of Zoology, Linville and Kelly, pp. 348-363; Textbook of Zoology 

 (elements), Davenport, pp. 349-369; Textbook of Zoology, Colton, pp. 

 196-207; Lessons in Zoology, Needham, pp. 198-211; Advanced Text in 

 Zoology, Shipley and McBride, pp. 457-494; Advanced Text in Zoology, 

 Parker and Haswell, pp. 291-305; Advanced Text in Zoology, Claus and 

 Sedgwick, pp. 208-209; Practical Zoology, Davison, pp. 211-226; Familiar 

 Life of Field and Forest, Mathews, pp. 57-80; Talks About Animals, pp. 

 155-159, 211-216; American Natural History, Hornaday, pp. 313-353; 

 Reptile Book, Ditmars, entire; Economic Zoology, Kellogg and Doane, pp. 

 260-272; Reptiles and Batrachians of New York, Bulletin, entire. 



- SUMMARY 



Representatives. 



Snakes, turtles, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators. 

 Characteristics. 



No metamorphosis nor gills. 

 Eggs internally fertilized. 

 Scales, claws, young may be born alive. 

 Erroneous Ideas. 



Not dirty nor dangerous, clean and useful. 

 Reason for "cold " feeling. Rattles per year. 

 Tongue for feeling only. Fangs, hissing. 

 Reason for slow death, "hair snakes," " hoop snakes." 

 Adaptations. 



Food-getting, methods. 



Caught by teeth and swallowed (garter snake). 



Crushed before swallowing (boa constrictors). 



Venom to kill or stupefy (rattler, cobra). 

 Adaptations for food-getting. 



In-curved teeth, jaw attachment. 



Elastic skull and jaw. 



Tongue sheath, protrusible trachea, air sac. 



Elastic gullet, strong digestive fluids. 

 Adaptations for locomotion. 



Rib attachment to ventral plates. 



Ventral plates (scutes). 



Flexible spinal column. 



Analogy between legs and ribs. 

 Poisonous snakes. 



Apparatus, fangs, hollow or grooved teeth. 



Fangs movable or fixed. 



Poison from modified salivary glands. 



Muscles for ejection of venom. 



