334 



BIOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS 



and perhaps the use of fire, existed one hundred thousand years ago. 

 Primitive .man apparently had a much smaller brain capacity 



than his modern de- 

 scendants, a lower 

 forehead, sloping 

 brow, heavy jaws, and 

 receding chin. Still 

 he was obviously 

 human and, even 

 then, intellectually far 

 superior to the other 

 Primates. 



His earliest home 

 must have been in 

 relatively warm 

 climates where nature 

 provided food and 

 shelter for her chil- 

 dren too ignorant to obtain them for themselves. His food was 

 fruit and nuts and such animals as he could capture, unarmed, 



FIG. 107. Vertebra of young reindeer with flint 

 arrowhead imbedded in the bone. From the Cave 

 of Perigord, France. After Lartel and Christy. 

 See Kellogg. 



FIG. 108. Drawing of mammoth on piece of mammoth tusk. 

 From the Cave of the Madeleine in Southwest France. The 

 drawing was made by prehistoric man of the early Post-Glacial 

 times. One- third size of original. From Kellogg. 



and eat uncooked. This restricted his flesh foods mainly to clams 

 and oysters, to which the enormous shell deposits still bear testi- 



