THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZED MAN 339 



make special effort to keep our bodies strong, even though physical 

 strength is no longer the one essential in the struggle for 

 existence. 



,To this end modern civilization is attempting, by healthful 

 living conditions, by education in biology and hygiene, and by 

 systematic exercise, to maintain as healthy a body as that of our 

 ancestor with the stone hatchet, combined with all the marvelous 

 abilities and achievements of the civilized mind. 



We do not have to depend wholly upon the evidence of human 

 remains to get an idea of how our ancient ancestors lived. Some 

 Australian and African races are still almost in the stage of primi- 

 tive man. Some central African tribes have no houses but sleep hi 

 what are practically nests; they hunt with stone clubs, do not know 

 the use of even the bow and arrow, cultivate no crops, and eat 

 human flesh. Certain natives of Patagonia are still living in the 

 Stone Age so far as their culture is concerned. New Caledonia fur- 

 nishes examples of man but little further advanced, and some tribes 

 of Ceylon and Australia are living in even more primitive stages of 

 development. Still, low as this culture may be, it is yet wholly 

 unapproached or resembled by the life of the lower animals. 



Anthropologists classify the human species in different ways, 

 but are generally agreed upon four, or perhaps five races, distin- 

 guished about as in the following table: 



