FOOD 361 



SUMMARY 

 Necessity of food. 



Living things use energy. 

 Energy is released from food by oxidation. 

 Oxidation destroys tissue. 

 This tissue has to be replaced by food. 



Excess of food used for growth or storage. (Compare plant and animal.) 

 Definition of food. 

 Functions of food-stuffs. 



Inorganic. Water (60%). Transportation, solvent (photosynthesis). 

 Mineral salts (5%). 



Phosphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates. 

 (Compounds of N, S, P, iron, lime, etc.) 

 Used in bone, teeth, blood, fluids, digestion, etc. 

 Organic. Proteids (18%). 



Composed of C, H, O, N, S, P, etc. 

 Essential to living tissue, protoplasm. 

 Found in lean meat, eggs, cheese, wheat, beans, peas. 

 Fats (15%). 



Composed of C, H, O. 



Easily oxidized, produce energy, excess stored. 



Found in fat meat, butter, eggs, fish, lard, cotton and olive oil, corn, 



cocoa, etc. 



Carbohydrates (little in tissues). 

 Composed of C, H 2 , O. 

 Produce energy or stored as fat. 

 Found as sugar in cane, fruits, beets, milk. 

 Found as starch in vegetables, grains, nuts, etc. 

 Found as cellulose in most vegetable foods. 

 Measurement of food values. 



Energy value measured in "calories." 

 About 2800 calories needed by average individual. 

 Needs vary with age and occupation. 

 Food proportions. 



Proteids from 2 to 3 ounces per day. 



Fuel foods to make up remaining number of calories, 



, ,_ . , c ( fats, one part, 

 obtained from | carbohydrates? two to four parts . 



Less fats in warm weather. 



Ratio about, proteid : fat : carbohydrates 



(1) :(1): (4) 



Balanced Ration. 



No one food has nutrients in correct ratio. 



Hence a mixed diet is necessary. 



Animal food would be too high in fat and proteid. 



Vegetable food would be too high in carbohydrates. 



Excess of proteid, a dangerous and expensive source of energy. 



