542 



BIOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS 



Huxley, another English scientist, defended and explained Dar- 

 win's theories, and Herbert Spencer, also English, applied them 

 to all lines of scientific thought. Upon the foundation laid by these 

 men, all modern biology is based. 



Mendel's Law of Inheritance. In 1860 an Austrian priest, by 



FIG. 167. Gregor Mendel. 1822-1884. Permission of Professor Bateson. 

 From Locy. 



the name of Gregor Mendel, began raising peas in his garden at 

 Brim. He was not so much interested in the flowers or the abun- 

 dance of the crop as in other apparently less important matters. 

 He noted the shape of seed, and their color, the shape and 

 color of the pods, the height of the plant and other similar 

 characteristics. He kept each kind separate and cross-pollenated 



