INDEX 



Biff en, Prof. R. H., his experiments 

 to improve wheat, 489. 



"Big Trees" (Sequoia) of California, 

 81. 



bile, functions of, 373. 



biology, definition of, 1; familiar, 2; 

 value of study, 425; application to 

 plant improvement, 488; to plant 

 protection, 489; historical develop- 

 ment of, 535; noted names in, 

 547, 548. 



birds, characteristics, 281; structure, 

 281-287; habits of, 294-306; eco- 

 nomic importance of, 305, 481. 



bladder, 403. 



bladder-nut, seed of, 122. 



blood, 394; changes in composition 

 of, 396. 



brain, 408. 



branches, opposite and alternate, 69; 

 forked, 70. 



bronchi, 384. 



Brubacher, Dr., quoted on alcohol, 

 519. 



bubonic plague, 151. 



buckwheat, 449. 



bud (stem), structure, 72. 



Burbank, Luther, noted for valuable 

 services in plant improvement, 489; 

 examples of his work, 545. 



butterfly, structure, 205, 206; meta- 

 morphosis, 208-210. 



caffeine, 511. 



calorie, 344. 



calcium, 15, 17, 23. 



calyx, 109. 



cambium, root, 51, 56; stem, 78, 



80. 



capillaries, 398. 

 carapace, 173, 179. 

 carbohydrates, 20, 21, 23; bulk of 



man's food, 344, 346. 

 carbon, 14, 17; circle, 527. 

 carbon dioxide, 13, 18, 23, 47; in 



leaves, 91, 98, 382, 528. 



carnivora (flesh eaters), 313. 

 Carrell, Dr., treatment for infected 



wounds, 441, 541. 

 Carrol, Dr., see yellow fever, 

 "castings," of earthworm, 162, 165. 

 catalpa, 121. 



cattle, different breeds of, 491, 492. 

 cells, 27, 30; palisade (leaf), 95; 



animal (one-celled), 146-150, 158, 



198; Hooke's discovery of, 537. 

 cephalothorax (head-thorax), 173, 



179. 



centipede, 173. 

 cephalopods, see squid, cuttlefish, 



octopus. 



cereal grains, 447-450. 

 Chittenden, quoted on alcohol, 516. 

 chocolate, food value of, 511. 

 cirrhosis of the liver, 60 per cent, of 



deaths caused by alcohol, 516. 

 cerebellum, 409. 

 cerebrum, 408. 

 charcoal, 461. 

 chemistry, 9. 

 chimpanzee, 316. 

 chlorophyll, 90, 92-93; property of, 



96, 129, 526. 

 cholera, 137. 

 choroid coat, 419. 

 chrysalis, 207. 

 chyme, 371, 372. 

 cilia, of paramoecium, 149. 

 circulation, of earthworm, 162; fish, 



244; frog, 259; bird, 287; need 



for, 382; development of, 392; 



effect of alcohol on, 516. 

 civic biology, 440. 

 clams, 471. 



clematis, seed dispersal of, 122, 124. 

 cochlea, 418. 



cocoa, 452, 453; food value, 511. 

 cocoon, 207. 

 codfish, value of, 480. 

 crelenterates, 469. 

 coffee, plant, 452; effects of beverage, 



511. 



compounds, 9; inorganic, 18, 19, 23. 

 conjugation, of paramcecia, 150. 



