598 THE AMERICAN FARMER. 4 



given grain, from three to six quarts, according to the cow, consisting of two parts of Indian 

 meal and one of shorts or bran; or feeding entirely on ordinary cobbage (corn and cob 

 ground together). After this, more hay, which lasts until about 9 A.M. I begin again at 3 P.M 

 with a little hay, followed by roots (mangolds) cut fine, a bushel being divided between three 

 cows; then more hay again, which lasts them until about 6.30 P.M. 



I maintain that if more shorts are fed than are necessary to counteract the heating 

 quality and condensed richness of the corn meal, it deteriorates the butter. During last 

 March I saw this illustrated, being called upon in Boston to examine some butter from one of 

 the first dairies in the State, and which was troubling the dealer who sold it. He said it waf 

 negatively good, nothing could be said against it, yet little could be said in its favor. It. 

 seemed to lack that fine nutty flavor so necessary to fresh butter that commands over forty 

 cents per pound. I said at once, on tasting it, Too much shorts and not enough corn meal. 

 He answered, Just what I thought, but didn t dare say so until it was confirmed. In less 

 than ten days the butter from that diary was improved.&quot; 



&quot; Mountain-Side Farm.&quot; This noted farm is the property of one of New York s 

 leading merchants and citizens, Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, and lies in Bergen County, Northern 

 New Jersey, at the base of the Ramapo Mountains. In a very elaborate article in the Journal 

 of The American Agricultural Association, Mr. Francis D. Moulton, President of the Inter 

 national Dairy Fair Association, has given a detailed description of this farm and its admirable 

 system of management, a few extracts only of which we shall find space for insertion, and 

 which will serve to give the reader some general idea of the completeness and perfection to 

 which this system is carried: 



&quot;The mountain range, curving in broken lines on either side, presents a grand and 

 striking setting to a charming picture, the whole affording a most picturesque and beautiful 

 view. Through the farm from North to South flows the Ramapo River, an attractive feature 

 of the landscape, and an eminently valuable and practical adjunct to the farm. 



Mountain-Side comprises six hundred acres, three hundred of which lie in the valley 

 and are under cultivation, and the remainder on the sides of the mountains, which at this 

 point rise to the height of about six hundred feet. The natural herbage of this latter por 

 tion affords excellent pasturage for sheep and cattle. The soil of the bottom-land is a gravelly 

 loam, and under the advanced system applied and the admirable methods adopted, it is being 

 brought to a high condition of fertility. Of the cultivated land, this year, about one hundred 

 acres are in pasturage, ninety acres in hay, fifty acres in fodder-corn, and fifteen in rye. 

 Three acres are in peas, three in vetches and barley together, and three acres in potatoes. 



Mr. Havemeyer s private stable is fitted up with box-stalls, and contains room for a large 

 number of Carriages. Extending from it is a wing fifty feet long, from which reaches out 

 another wing at right angles, 150 feet long, containing in all ten stalls, forming a parallelo 

 gram, and leaving an open airy court-yard in the center, by which means the ventilation is 

 made perfect. The stable has constant attention, and is kept scrupulously clean. The barn, 

 dairy, and silos are comprised in one building forming the letter T. The barn proper stands 

 East and West, and contains the cattle-floor, hay-loft, feed-bins, and manure-cellars. The 

 south wing contains the ice-house, dairy, engine-room, and quarters for the dairyman. In the 

 north wing are the silos. The length of the barn-floor from East to West is 263 feet; its 

 width 44 feet; the length from North to South, including the dairy and silos, is 263 feet, the 

 south end being 31 feet wide, and the north end, or silos, 40 feet wide. 



Beneath the barn, on each side, and directly under the cattle, are the manure-cellars, 

 each 14 feet in width and 180 in length. All the droppings from the animals pass into 

 these, and earth is carted in daily to absorb the moisture. Horse or ox-carts can be driven 

 to all parts of these cellars to haul out the manure. Under the center of the barn, and sur 

 rounded by the manure-beds, is a room for keeping roots, 150 feet long and 15 feet wide, 



