MODEL FARMS. 603 



separate, to prevent it from sucking the others, until it is three or four months old. After 

 the cow has calved, she is fed with meal, ground oats, and corn, four quarts per day, with all 

 the hay or grass she will eat. The milk is used after the third day, if the cow is in perfect 

 health. Cows are allowed to go into the yard every day, winter or summer, two or three 

 hours for exercise. They are kept in separate stalls in the winter. Each animal gets half a 

 bushel of feed. 



A month before calving, all meal is taken away from the cows, and they are fed on three 

 quarts of ground oats per day in two feeds, with all the hay or ground feed they want. They 

 are put in box-stalls ten days before calving, in order to get accustomed to the place and that 

 they may feel perfectly at home. This system is found to prevent milk -fever. Mr. Mayer, 

 who has had the care of cattle for many years, has never had a case of milk-fever. This 

 system also enables the cow to clean herself in six hours, her bowels being kept open. The 

 stalls are cleaned immediately after the birth of the calf, and the cow removed at once to 

 another stall, the first one being purified by using chloride of lime. 



&quot;Lorillard Stock Farm.&quot; The committee of the Burlington County, New 

 Jersey, Agricultural Society on farms, farm buildings, crops, and reclaimed land, recently 

 submitted their report, which concludes as follows: 



&quot;The next and last farm visited was that of Pierre Lorillard s stock farm, near Jobs- 

 town, about 1,100 acres of land, and comprising every convenience and requirement of a 

 complete farm. The mansion is a handsome three-storied semi-gothic building; near by is 

 the coach-house, with accommodations for 24 horses, and the farm-stables, with accommoda 

 tions for 40 horses. In the center of the yard belonging to this establishment is an enor 

 mous food-bin capable of holding 9,000 bushels of grain at a time, and from which the food 

 is drawn by shoots near the bottom. A broad and well-kept road leads from the mansion to 

 the farm-buildings, cattle-yards, and a barn holding 400 tons of hay. The stock kept here 

 numbers about 1,200 heads, as follows, viz.: 300 horses, 300 cattle, 400 hogs, and 200 sheep. 

 To prepare food for this large number requires a steam-engine of twenty -horse power, which 

 runs five mills for grinding feed, shelling corn, cutting stalks and coarse fodder, and steam 

 ing the food in several large vats, from which the cooked food is taken in box -cars which 

 run on railways between the long range of cattle-stalls where the Ayrshires, Jerseys, and 

 Durhams are fed, each animal being marked through the ear with a strip of tin stamped 

 with its number to correspond with the number in the herd-record made at the time of its 

 birth, so. that the pedigree can readily be traced through sire and dam to its proper source; 

 another railway leads through the front of a long range of hog-pens 320 feet long by 18 feet 

 wide, each pen having a yard paved with brick 11 by 14 feet between the eating department 

 and the open yard, leading to a trough of water running through the lower end of each yard, 

 and in all 340 feet in length. 



The system of ventilation and drainage is so perfect and complete that there is no 

 unpleasant smell or offensive odor to be detected, and the whole family of Suffolks, Essex, 

 Berkshires, and Jersey Reds seemed to enjoy their situation in perfect health and comfort. 

 There are four horse-barns, 100 feet square, on the outside, located distant from each other; 

 the stalls open to the yard inside, which is lowest in the middle where the sewer is placed to 

 carry off the drainage under the ground. 



In the brood-mare stables there are comfortable stables for 100 horses; the colt-stables 

 surround a circular track where the colts can be exercised under shelter, one-eighth of a mile 

 in circumference. A much larger barn is now being constructed than any yet completed, 

 requiring 560,000 feet of lumber. The building is 343 by 100 feet, eaves-posts 20 feet, inner 

 box 28 feet, two wings 100 by 123 feet each; in the center there is 98 by 95 feet supported 

 by truss- work, nearly all to be covered with glass. Three cisterns, 25 feet in diameter by 16 

 feet deep, three apartments in each, the middle filled with charcoal, through which the water 



