MODEL FARMS. 605 



About a mile farther and we came to Mr. Cochrane s farm, situated on one of the ranges 

 of hills that abound in this part of the country ; the hills seem as fertile as the plains indeed, 

 the apple trees thrive much better on the hills than in the plains. &quot;We drove in through a 

 fine gateway. He has a pretty villa-shaped house, the lawn being on our left-hand and the 

 conservatory and garden on our right; then through another gate and we came upon the 

 barns, stables, cattle sheds, and other buildings, around a large yard. The farm is called 

 Hillhurst, and some of the cattle take their name from it. It was purchased by Mr. Coch- 

 rane about 15 years ago, and contains about 1,100 acres. Mr. Cochrane received us, and we 

 inspected his cattle, sheep, pigs, etc. The cattle need no comment from me. They are well 

 Known, and show what can be done in this country. I took a note of some of the animals. 

 A dark roan short-horn cow, 10th Duchess of Airdrie, is a magnificent creature, and was 

 purchased by Mr. Cochrane from England, at a cost of 2,300 guineas, but has given him 

 good returns. In the autumn of 1877 he sent a consignment of 32 head of cattle to England, 

 where they were sold by Mr. Thornton for 16,325 8s. Two realized respectively 4,100 

 guineas and 4,300 guineas, the latter price being paid by the Earl of Bective for the 5th 

 Duchess of Hillhurst, and the former by Mr. Loder for the 3d Duchess of Hillhurst. These 

 two cows were descended from the celebrated cow, 10th Duchess of Airdrie. Her last calf, 

 a splendid creature, dark roan, calved April 6, 1880 weight, 500 Ibs. ; sire, 3d Duke of 

 Oneida. He has many other fine animals, particularly two bulls, one a dark roan, Duke of 

 Oneida, nine years, and a dark red, Duke of Oxford, five years. 



Mr. Cochrane is about to start breeding in the Northwest Territories, and is importing a 

 stock of Herefords as a foundation for his herd. I was surprised to find this valuable herd 

 grazing on the pastures, and but little high feeding indulged in. The most remarkable feat 

 ure of the herd is the good health maintained. The Swedes and mangel on the farm are 

 very good. He said he had just threshed some of his wheat, which yielded nearly 30 bushels 

 per acre.&quot; 



&quot; Long Tiew Farm &quot; is the name applied to the farm of Mr. T. S. Grant of Enfield, 

 Conn., and shows what may ba accomplished under adverse conditions. 



The New England Homestead gives an interesting account of this farm, from which we 

 give a few extracts: &quot;Here is a farm of 120 acres, nearly all of which are under cultiva 

 tion. In 1872 it kept 16 cows and two heifers; two years later it cut only 40 tons of hay, 

 and only about 40 acres were under cultivation. Since then more than half of the farm has 

 been reclaimed and brought up so that the hay crop this year, without counting the rowen 

 crop, will exceed 140 tons, and will winter over 100 head of neat stock and horses. This 

 enormous increase in the yield of the farm has been caused by the reclamation of worn- 

 out pastures and inaccessible swamps, and now the whole farm, in a magnificent stretch, has 

 been brought into two adjoining fields by the removal of all the division fences, and it is the 

 aim of the proprietor to make the whole farm produce just as much grass as possible, this 

 being the crop that he is striving after. Other crops, like oats, corn, and tobacco, are raised, 

 but only as a means of stocking down to grass. 



System of Management. As all the pasture lands (except a few acres for young 

 stock) have been improved, the question naturally arises, What does Mr. Grant do with his 

 50 and more cows in the summer? They are all kept in the barn the year round, except for 

 about six weeks or so, from the middle of August to the 28th of September, during which 

 time they are turned out on fall feed, of which there is an abundance. During the soiling 

 season, they are fed on green feed and hay, commencing with rye in May, and following this 

 with clover and fodder corn. This can be made to last as long as desired by different plant 

 ings, but by the time the first planting is gone the fall feed is ready to turn into, and this 

 continues till the last of September. Sometimes after this there will be green feed in the 



