FARM BUILDINGS. 613 



and the kernels larger than usual; the estimate of yield being sixty bushels per acre. The 

 average estimate yield of the entire wheat crop was twenty-five bushels per acre, while 600 

 acres of it produced, on the average, thirty-five bushels per acre. 



Three other ranches are also owned by this gentleman, one located three miles from the 

 former, and containing 455 acres, 200 of which were in wheat, and another of 1,250 acres, 

 on Butte creek, 550 acres of which were in wheat, and 700 acres in grass, which would aver 

 age two tons of hay per acre. The third, known as the Feather River Ranch, contains a tract 

 of 700 acres of wheat. The same authority continues: 



&quot;Mr. Schaeffer is one of our pioneer ranchers, having settled upon his home-place in 

 1855. At that time he was poor, but by dint of great perseverance he has accumulated a 

 competency, and to-day possesses one of the best farms in Northern California. Farming 

 upon the scale that he does necessarily requires the use of numerous horses, to accommodate 

 which he has upon the several places eight large barns, as follows: At the home, three barns, 

 withacap a city f or 100 head; Butte Creek, two, with stalls for 40 head; Feather River, three, 

 capable of accommodating 60 head. At this season of the year he has only 20 men employed; 

 during plo wing-time he works from 35 to 40 men, and when harvesting begins from 50 to 65 

 hands are numbered in the force. Parks Bros., of Marysville, are interested with Mr. 

 Schaeffer in Feather River Ranch, but aside from that he is alone. His system of farming is 

 to plow deep, sow plenteously, drain low lands, keep everything moving, have machinery in 

 good order, take good care of stock, and prevent the little leaks so common among the Cali 

 fornia ranchers.&quot; 



Some of the other large farms that might be mentioned, and which serve as samples of 

 their kind, are the following: 



Acres in Farm. Acres in Wheat. 



G. R. Scofield & Bro., Cass Co., .. . . ,. ... 3,840 1,280 



J.B.Raymond, &quot; . .. ,.- *, 6,000 2,400 



W. H. Wright, &quot; . . . 3,500 2,200 



J. B. Chapin, Cass, Traill. and Barnes, . . ., . - 9,600 1,200 



Clapp & McCraw, Cass and Traill, . . . . 2,500 1,100 



J. W. Morrow, Cass Co., . ./ . . ...&quot; 5,500 1,625 



A. C. Batchelor, &quot; . . . ,, . . 2,569 1,350 



Col. Huntington, &quot; . . . . v &amp;gt;- 2,500 1,250 



George C. Howe, &quot; ; 2,600 2,500 



A. Leech & Sons, -&quot; . . , .. r ; &amp;gt; 3,800 3,500 



&quot;Whpn we consider the gigantic scale on which farming may be carried on in the United 

 States, and that this is due mainly to the use of improved agricultural implements, we are 

 enabled to realize more fully the great advancement made in agriculture during the past half 

 century, and the possibilities of this country in this all-important industry for the future. 



FARM BUILDINGS. 



AS the degree of civilization attained by a people can be very accurately determined by 

 the manner in which they till the soil, and the implements used for that purpose, so 

 in like manner can the standard of civilization be measured by the kind of houses 

 they construct for. themselves and their domestic animals. The lowest types of the human 

 family live in holes dug in the ground, burrowing like some kinds of animals, while savages 

 of a little higher order than these construct rude huts, that are a slight improvement upon 

 the former habitations. As intelligence and civilization increases, the style of architecture 

 improves in a proportionate degree, until the habitations of the most intelligent nations of the 

 earth are characterized by thrift, refinement, and taste; wealth, intelligence, and culture 

 being as unmistakably evidenced by the style of architecture of such a nation, as by the cus 

 toms and manners of the inhabitants themselves. 



