fi ARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 39 



side of it. Using the three best formulas of Eollet, and taking the mean of 

 them for each of the three bones, the probable stature of the individual was 

 1 m. 69 (= 66^ inches). By Pearson's method, in which the various elements of 

 uncertainty have by mathematical calculations been excluded, the indicated 

 stature is 1 m. 68 (nearly = 66 inches). These two systems of estimating height 

 give wonderfully similar results in this case, and it may be taken as conclusive 

 that we have got as near the truth as possible. On the basis that the bones were 

 those of a young woman the stature indicated would be 1 m. 76 (= 69 inches), 

 or even as much as 1 m. 83 (over 6 feet). This taken in conjunction with the 

 characters of the skull, and the probable ultimate length which would have been 

 attained by the bones on completion of growth had the individual lived till that 

 period, put the assumption out of court. 



Let us now consider the morphological characters of this skeleton in relation to 

 the early races of Britain. The form of the cranial box is markedly dolicho- 

 cephalic, its index being 71 '5, while the complete facial index is 104, which is 

 also markedly dolichofacial, or leptoprosopic as it is sometimes termed ; the 

 immature stature, as we have seen, was 1 m. 68 or 9 at the age of 18-19 years, 

 and, from a large number of statistics on growth, might normally be expected to 

 reach 3 cm. more, which would indicate at adult age a probable stature of 

 1 m. 71 or 2. The interment and articles found with the skeleton point 

 undoubtedly (as Mr. Gray informs me) to the Bronze Age as being the period 

 when the body was deposited in the barrow. 



The form of calvaria typical of the Bronze Age people is brachycephalic, 

 while the face is dolichofacial, and the stature calculated by Prof. Karl 

 Pearson's methods is 1 m. 71 for males, 1 m. 60 for females. The characteristics 

 of the preceding Neolithic race are a dolichocephalic calvaria, a brachyfacial (or 

 chsemeoprosopic, as it is sometimes called), face, the stature being, by Pearson's 

 method of calculation, 1 m. 67 for the males and 1 m. 536 for the females. 



The earlier race lived in certain parts of the country side by side with the later, 

 and in some cases intermingled with them, and both have influenced the 

 population of the present day. From these facts it will be seen that the in- 

 dividual whose skeleton has been under examination conformed in stature and 

 in the form of his face to the Bronze Age race, while in the shape of the calvaria 

 he shows decidedly the characters of the Neolithic people. 



