Ixxxiv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 



ARCHEOLOGY. 



Owing to the meeting of the British Association in South 

 Africa, the archaeology of that region has, perhaps, been more 

 brought forward lately than any other. The subject was treated 

 of in detail by Dr. Haddon in his sectional address. He 

 suggests that the Kattea, a race of black dwarfs dwelling in 

 holes in the ground or rocks in the North Transvaal, may be the 

 true aborigines south of the Zambesi. Little is known of them, 

 and their language, even, is not yet understood ; but they may, 

 perhaps, be regarded as the most primitive race of all mankind. 

 Other papers dealt with the totemism, musical instruments, 

 language, artificial deformation, stone implements, pictorial art, 

 and other subjects connected with the various tribes. 



Vast numbers of ruins, including many of gold-workings, exist 

 in Rhodesia, but it is not considered that they go back to more 

 than 600 or 700 years. At one place, Dhlo-Dhlo, fragments of 

 Nankin china were found below the intact cement floor of a hut, 

 which could not have been imported there before the i6th 

 century. The ancient inhabitants do not seem to have passed 

 through a copper and bronze age as elsewhere, but to have 

 changed, almost without a break, from stone to iron, and the 

 use cf the double bellows, an Indian implement, in smelting 

 suggests that it was from there that they gained their knowledge 

 of this metal. Great numbers of implements of Palaeolithic form, 

 of chalcedony, jasper, and agate, are found on the banks of the 

 Zambesi, both above and below the falls, in positions which 

 show that at the time of their deposition the river flowed 400 to 

 500 feet above its present level, representing a very long space 

 of time. 



The British Museum excavations at Ephesus have shown the 

 existence of two earlier temples below the Croesus Temple, 

 containing large numbers of votive offerings of the yth and 8th 

 centuries, B.C., of gold and silver, and blue Egyptian scarabs. 



In Egypt a remarkable find has been made of a cell in the rock, 

 lined with coloured relief sculptures, and containing a life-sized 



