88 VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. 



CANE SUGAR (Saccharose). 



Cells which contain this substance do not give a 

 precipitate with the Trommer reagent, but assume 

 a pure deep violet color. If much saccharose is 

 present in the tissue it can be caused to crystallize 

 out by the use of absolute alcohol (p. 26). x 



INULIN (Sinistrin, 2 Syrian therm) 



Occurs dissolved in the cell sap, like the sugars 

 which have just been mentioned. If a tissue con- 

 taining it is treated with alcohol or glycerine the 

 inulin separates as sphaero-crystals, which are in- 

 soluble in cold water, but easily soluble in water 

 heated to 5O-55 C, in dilute acids, and in cupram- 

 monia. A tincture of iodine colors the sphaero- 

 crystals brown by penetrating into the fine clefts 

 and fissures which they contain ; when boiled with 

 dilute acids or under pressure inulin is changed 

 into levulose. 



HESPERIDIN. 



The sphaero-crystals of this substance are in- 

 soluble in most acids, glycerine, and absolute 



1 See also Kraus' glycerine test (p. 28). 



2 Not to be confounded with the carb-hydrate of the same formula 

 which Prof. Schmiedeberg has lately described under this name, and which 

 occurs in the bulb-scales of Urginea Scilla. Zeitschrift f. physiol. Chemie, 

 1879, p. 112. Bot. Zeitung, 1879, p. 513. Journal of the Royal Micr. 

 Society, 1879, Vol. II., p. 916. 



