XIV RUDIMENTS OF BOTANY. 



99. When they are united into a solid body along with the style, thtf 

 form what is called a column, and are said to be gynandrous. 



100. The anther is a kind of bag borne by the filament, and corresponds 

 to the lamina of a leaf. It is sessile when there is no filament, or it is placed 

 at the top of the filament in various ways. 



101. The bags or cells of the anther are termed lobes, and the solid sub- 

 stance which connects them, corresponding to the midrib of a leaf, the con- 

 nective. These cells are usually two in number; sometimes they are four, 

 rarely one. 



102. The lobes or cells of the anthers open in different ways by what is 

 called the line of dehisccncc ; sometimes only a portion of this line opens, the 

 anther is then said to dehisce by pores ; as in Azalea. 



103. The anthers frequently grow together by their margins, as in the 

 Composite ; when they are called syngenesious. 



104. The anther contains and frequently emits a matter called the pollen, 

 the use of which is to give life to the ovule or young seed. 



105. When the grains of pollen burst, they again discharge a multitude 

 of very minute particles, called molecules or granules. 



106. When the grains of pollen easily detach from each other, they are 

 said to be pulverulent, and then they may be either perfectly smooth or they 

 may be viscous. 



107. Sometimes the grains contained in one cell or bag, instead of separa- 

 ting readily, cohere into what are termed pollen-masses, (pollinia ;) as in the 

 Orchidacese. 



PISTIL. 



108. The pistil is the organ which occupies the centre of a flower, within 

 the stamens, and is the fruit-bearing apparatus of plants. 



109. It is distinguished into three parts, viz : the ovary, the style, and the 

 stigma. 



110. The ovary is a hollow case enclosing the ovules or young seeds. It 

 contains one or more cavities called cells. 



111. The stigma is the upper extremity of the pistil. 



112. The style is that part which connects the ovary and stigma; but it 

 is often wanting, when the stigma is said to be sessile. 



113. The pistil is either the modification of a single leaf, or of one or more 

 whorls of modified leaves ; the latter being termed carpels. 



114. When the margins ofihe folded leaf out of which the carpel is 

 formed meet and unite, a copious development of cellular tissue takes place, 

 forming what is called the placenta. 



115. If no union takes place among the carpels, the ovary is termed apo- 

 carpous, as in Ranunculus ; but if there is an adherence, so that a com- 

 pound ovary is formed, it is called syncarpous. 



116. When carpels unite, those parts of their sides which are contiguous 

 grow together, and form partitions between the cavities of the carpels, called 

 dissepiments. 



117. When these dissepiments are so contracted as not to separate the 

 cavity into a number of distinct cells, Vut merely project into a cavity, the 



