CAPPARIDACEyE. 33 



20. SINAPIS. Linn. Mustard. 



(From the Greek an/am, derived again by Theis from the Celtic nap, a turnip 

 or cabbage.) 



Pod roundish ; valves bearing nerves. Style small, short, 

 acute. Seeds in one series, subglobose. Calyx spreading. 



1. S. nigra Linn. : lower leaves lyrate ; upper lanceolate, entire, petio- 

 late ; pod smooth and even, somewhat 4-sided, appressed to the peduncle. 



Fields. N. S. June, July. (1). Stem 24 feet high. Flowers yellow. In- 

 troduced from Europe. Black Mustard. 



2. S. alba Linn. : leaves lyrate, nearly smooth, the terminal lobes large ; 

 pod mostly hispid, spreading, shorter than the broad sword-form beak; 

 seeds large, pale. 



Waste places. N. S. July. ().< Stem 12 feet high. Flowers yellow, 

 rather large, corymbose. Introduced from Europe. White Mustard. 



3. . arvensis Linn. : leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, rough ; pod smooth, 

 many-angled, turgid and knotty, longer than the two-edged beak. 



Wet meadows and fields. Can. and N. Y. June Aug. (p. Stem 23 

 feet high, rough. Flowers rather large, bright yellow. Introduced from Europe. 



Charlock. Wild Mustard. 



21. RAPHANUS. Linn. Radish. 



(From the Greek pa, quickly, and (jiatvofiai, to appear ; in allusion to its rapid 

 germination.) 



Pod transversely many-celled or dividing into several joints. 

 Seeds in one row, globose, pendulous. 



R. Raphanistrum Linn.: leaves simply lyrate; pod jointed, 1-celled, 

 striate, 3 8-seeded, longer than the style. 



Fields and waste places. N. S. July. .Stem 12 feet high, hispid. 

 Flowers yellow, about as large as those of the common radish. Wild Radish. 



ORDER XIII. CAPEARIDACE^E. CAPPARIDS. 



Sepals 4. Petals 4, or even 8, imbricated, or none, cruciate, 

 usually unguiculate and unequal. Stamens 6 12, (rarely 4,) 

 or numerous, usually some multiple of 4. Disk hemispherical 

 or elongated. Fruit either pod-shaped and dehiscent, or fleshy 

 and indehiscent, rarely 1 -seeded, rnqst frequently with poly- 

 spermous placentae. Seeds generally reniform, without albu- 

 men ; embryo curved, cotyledons foliaceous. Herbaceous 

 plants or shrubs without a true stipule, but sometimes with 

 spines in their place. Leaves alternate, petioled, undivided or 

 palmate. 



1. GYNANDROPSIS. D. C. Gynandropsis. 

 (From three Greek words, in allusion to the situation of the stamens.) 

 Calyx of 4 sepals, spreading. Petals 4. Disk elongated. 



2* 



