VIOLACE^E. 37 



anthers connate, the two lower ones with processes at their 

 back. Capsules 1 -celled, 3-valved, opening elastically. 



* Stemkss. 

 f Flowers blue. 



1. V. pedata Linn. : leaves pedate, often nearly smooth, from 5 7 

 parted ; segments linear-lanceolate, entire or somewhat toothed ; stipules 

 radical, peclinately lacerate ; petals beardless, entire, rounded at the ex- 

 tremity ; stigma large, compressed, obliquely truncate and perforate at the 

 apex. V. digitata Pursh. 



Rocky hills. From lat. 53 N. to Flor. W. to Miss. May, June. ^.Scapes 

 '3 5 inches high, several from the same root. Flowers large, pale blue, rarely 

 almost white. Pedate Violet. 



2. V. palmata Linn. : leaves more or less pubescent, reniform-cordate, 

 palmate, or hastate-lobed ; lobes very various, the intermediate one always 

 larger; stipules lanceolate, subciliate; lateral petals densely bearded to- 

 wards the base ; stigma capitate, recurved, margined, rostrate. V. hetero- 

 phylla Le Conte. 



Swamps and low grounds. Can. to Flor. W. to the River Platte. May. Ij.. 

 Scape about as long as the leaves. Flowers middle-sized, bright blue. This 

 species varies greatly in the form of the leaves, and sometimes closely resembles 

 V. cucuttata, of which it is perhaps only a variety. Palmate Violet. 



3. V. cucuttata Ait. : smoothish ; leaves cordate, cucullate at base, den- 

 tate-serrate, veined ; stipules small, linear, ciliate ; flower oblique ; lower 

 and lateral petals rigidly bearded ; upper one smooth ; spur very short, 

 rounded. V. papilionacea Pursh. V. affinis Le Conte. V. obliqua Pursh. 



Wet meadows. Common throughout Can. and the U. S. April, May. 7J.. 

 This species varies considerably in the form of its leaves, and in the degree of 

 pubescence. The same individual, indeed, undergoes changes during the season. 



Hood-leaved Violet. 



4. V. Selkirkii Goldie : leaves cordate, crenately serrate, minutely hairy 

 above, smooth beneath, the sinus deep and nearly closed ; stigma triangu- 

 lar, margined, with a distinct beak ; spur nearly as long as the lamina, 

 thick, very obtuse. 



Hills and mountains. Can. Mass, and N. Y. : rare. 7[_. Leaves numerous, 

 in a radical tuft. Flowers pale blue, much smaller than in V. cucuttata. Spur 

 conspicuous, somewhat dilated at the end. Selkirk's Violet. 



5. V. sagittata Ait. : leaves pubescent on the upper surface, oblong, 

 acute, cordate, sagittate, often hastate at base, serrate or crenate-dentate ; 

 petals oblong, ovate, all except the lower one bearded; stigma depressed, 

 margined. V. dentata Pursh. 



var. emarginata Nutt. : leaves almost triangular, lacerately toothed 'at 

 the base ; petals emarginate or bi-dentate. V. emarginata Le Conte. 



Fields. Can. to Flor. W. to Ark. April, May. 1{-. Leaves quite variable. 

 Flowers middle-sized, purple. Var. emarginata, is found in the sandy fields of 

 New Jersey. Arrow-leaved Violet. 



6. V. ovata Nutt. : leaves oblong-ovate, rather acute, subcordate, crenate, 



