COMPOSITE. 175 



Torrey and Gray, they are only known as cultivated plants and their characters 

 are very obscure. Canadian Golden-rod. 



2. serotina Ait. : stem very smooth and often glaucous ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, acuminate, acutely serrate, 3-nerved, very smooth except the veins 

 beneath, margin and upper surface rough ; racemes paniculate, secund ; 

 peduncles slender, pubescent ; rays numerous, short. 



Low grounds. Can. Nearly throughout the U. S. W. to Oregon. Sept., Oct. 

 1\- Stem 4 3 feet high, terete, sometimes purplish. Heads middle-sized ; 

 rays 9 12. Distinguished from <S. Canadensis by its smooth stem, and from 

 S". irigantea by its rough leaves. Late-flowering Golden-rod. 



3. (S 1 . arguta Ait : smooth ; stem strict ; radical and lower cauline leaves 

 large, elliptic- or lanceolate-oval, obscurely 3-nerved, sharply serrate, acu- 

 minate, tapering into winged and somewhat ciliate petioles ; the others 

 lanceolate, tapering at each end, sessile, sparingly serrate or entire; racemes 

 dense, at length elongated and recurved, forming a corymbose panicle ; 

 scales of the involucre oblong, rather obtuse, much appressed. S. dliaris 



Wiild. S. juncea Ait. 



Woods and fields. N. Y. and Penn. to Car. N. to Subarct. Amer. W. to Miss. 

 Aug., Sept. 1\. Stem 2 4 feet high, terete, sometimes purple. Heads small, 

 very numerous, arranged in a long racemose corymbose panicle which is at 

 length spreading. According to Torrey and Gray, S. juncea Ait. is a variety 

 with narrower leaves. Sharp-toothed Golden-rod. 



4. S. gigantea Ait. : stem erect, smooth ; leaves smooth on both sides, lan- 

 ceolate, attenuate at both ends, serrate, scabrous on the margin, 3-nerved ; 

 racemes paniculate, secund, spreading ; peduncles hirsute ; rays a little 

 longer than the disk. 



Fields and woods. Can. to Ala. W. to Oregon. Aug., Sept. QJ. Stem 4 1 

 feet high, purplish, and with the leaves quite smooth. Heads rather large. 



Tall Smooth Golden-rod. 



2. Leaves veined. 



5. S. I'nwidcs Soland: smooth; stem simple; leaves lanceolate, finely 

 appressed-serrate, with scabrous margins ; radical and lower cauline acute 

 or acuminate at both ends on slender ciliate petioles ; upper oblong, some- 

 times entire ; panicle small, turned to one side ; scales of the involucre ob- 

 long-linear, obtuse ( Torr <f- Gr.} 



Sphagnous swamps. Mass, and N. J. Sept., Oct. %.. Stem 12 20 inches 

 high, slender. Heads small ; rays 1 3, short ; the disk flowers 45. 



Flax-like Golden-rod. 



6. S. altissima Linn. : stem erect, hispid with rough hair ; leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate, very 

 scabrous, rugose- veined ; racemes paniculate, spreading or recurved; rays 

 7 10. S. aUissima, aspera, riigosa and vittosa Pursh. (according to 

 Torr. fy Gr.~) 



Fields and woods. Can. and throughout the U. S. Aug., Sept. 1\.. Stem 



3 7 ieet, high, robust and hairy, often purplish. Leaves sometimes thin and 



nearly smooth above, softly hairy on the veins beneath, (S. villosa ;) or reticu- 

 lated and very rugose, (S. rugosa.) Heads rather small. 



Tall Rough Golden-rod. 



7. S. Muhknbergii Torr. <f- Gr. : stem smooth, angled ; leaves large 

 and thin, very smooth on both sides, sharply serrate ; radical on winged 



