166 COMPOSITE. 



high, dichotomously branched above. Heads middle-sized, on long peduncles, 

 solitary, or in a loose fastigiate corymb ; rays 10 15, 2 -3-toothed, yellow ; 

 disk dark purple, conic. Common Ox-eye 



31. RUDBECKIA. Linn. Rudbeckia. 



(In honor of Olaus Rudbeck, Professor of Botany at Upsal, in Sweden, who 

 died in 17C2.) 



Heads many-flowered; ray-flowers neutral, in a single se- 

 ries, ligulate ; those of ihe disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the 

 involucre in two series, leafy, spreading. Receptacle conic or 

 elongated ; the chaff acute, concave or boat-form. Achenia 

 quadrangular. Paprus none or minute and coroniform. 



1. R. fulgida Ait.: stem hispid, the branches long and virgate; leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate, denticulate, hispid, narrowed and slightly cordate at base, 

 acuminate ; scales of the involucre as long as the rays ; chaff lanceolate. 

 R. chrysomela Mich. 



Fields and mountain woods. Penn. to Flor. July Oct. 1\.. Stem 2 3 feet 

 high, branched. Heads small, solitary and terminal ; rays orange-yellow, 2-cleft 

 at the summit ; disk purple, nearly hemispheric. Small-flowered Rudbeckia. 



2. R. hirta Linn. : very hirsute ; stem virgate, sparingly branched ; lower 

 leaves spatulate-oval, 3-nerved, denticulate, petioled ; upper ovate-lanceo- 

 late, sessile ; scales of the involucre nearly equalling the rays ; chaff of the 

 receptacle linear. 



Meadows. Can. and N. Y. to Flor. W. to Texas. July Sept. ^.Slem 

 2 3 feet high, scabrous and hairy. Heads middle-sized, solitary, terminal; 

 rays 14. bifid, hairy, pale yellow ; disk dark-purple, conic. Hairy Rudbeckia. 



3. 7?. irilvba Linn. : hairy-hispid; stem paniculate ; leaves lanceolate, 

 acuminate at each end, serrate ; the lower 3-lobed ; scales of the involucre 

 linear, shorter than the rays. 



Dry soils. Can. to Flor. W. to Miss. July Sept. n\.Slem 45 feet high. 

 Heads numerous, on the summits of the branches ; rays about 8, yellow ; disk 

 dark purple. Three-lobed Rudbeckia. 



4. R. specwsa Wender. : stem hirsute or hispid, with elongated naked 

 branches ; leaves roughish-hirsute or pubescent, coarsely toothed or incised ; 

 upper lanceolate, sessile ; lower ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acumi- 

 nate at both ends, petioled ; scales of the involucre about half as long as 



ae rays ; pappus coroniform. ( Torr. d> 0?r.) 



Mountains. Penn. to Ohio. Aug. Oct. 1\-. Larger than R. fulgida. 

 Radical leaves on long petioles, 5-nerved. Heads large and showy ; rays nume- 

 rous, oblong-linear, elongated, bright yellow ; disk conoid-globose, black-purple. 



Showy Rudbeckia. 



5. R. laciniaia Linn. : stem tall, smooth, branching ; leaves somewhat 

 hairy and scabrous; lower pinnate, the segments 3 5-lobed or incised, 

 sometimes laciniate ; uppermost lanceolate or ovate, incisely toothed or 

 entire ; pappus toothed. R. Icevigata and R. digitata Pursh. 



Borders of swamps. Can. to Ala. W. to near the Rocky Mountains. July 

 >pt. Stem 4 6 feet high. Leaves gradually less and less divided from the 

 dical to the uppermost ones. Heads rather large, in a loose terminal panicle ; 

 ys bright yellow, about twice as long as the involucre, oblanceolate, drooping ; 

 sk greenish-yellow, conic. Tall Rudbeckia. Cone Flower. 



