COMPOSITE. 199 



51. CACALIA. Linn. Indian Plantain. 

 (An ancient Greek name, the etymology of which is obscure.) 



Heads many-flowered, the flowers all tubular and perfect. 

 Involucre in one series, 5 30-leaved. Receptacle flat, not 

 chaffy. Achenia oblong, smooth, not beaked. Pappus in one 

 series of minute capillary bristles. 



1. C. suaveolens Linn. : stem erect, smooth, striate and angled; leaves 

 petiolate, hastate-sagittate, serrate, smooth and green on both sides ; heads 

 many-flowered; scales of the involucre about 13. Senecio suaveolens ELL 



Banks of streams. Can. to Geor. W. to Ken. and HI. Sept. 1}.. Stem 34 

 feet, high, smooth. Radical leaves on long petioles. Heads 25 30-flowered, in 

 :i. compound corymb, yellowish-white. Sweet-scented Indian Plantain. 



2. C. atriplicifolia Linn. : stem erect, smooth ; leaves petioled, smooth, 

 glaucous beneath ; lower deltoid-cordate, sinuate-angled and toothed ; upper 

 rhomboidal, acute, wedgeform at base, coarsely toothed ; involucre oblong, 

 iVleaved, 5-flowered. Senecio atriplicifolius Hook. 



Moist grounds. Can. to Geor. W. to Miss. Aug., Sept. 7J-. Stem erect, 

 3 6 feel high. Lower leaves 4 6 inches long and nearly as wide, on long pe- 

 tioles. Heads numerous, in a terminal corymb, greenish- white. 



Common Indian Plantain. 



3. C. reniformis Mukl. : stem sulcate-angled ; leaves petioled, smooth, 

 hairy on the veins beneath ; radical broad-cordate, reniform, repand-toothed ; 

 cauline oblong, toothed, wedgeibrm and very entire at base ; corymb fas- 

 tigiate ; involucre 5-leaved. 



Low grounds. Penn. to Car. W. to 111. Aug., Sept. %. Stem 4 3 feet 

 high. Radical leaves often 2 feet wide. (Torr. $ 6?r.) Heads 5-flowered, 

 white. Kidney-leaved Indian Plantain. 



52. SENECIO. Linn. Groundsei. 

 (From the Latin senex, an old man ; the pappus resembling a white beard.; 



Heads many-flowered, radiate or discoid; rays pistillate. 

 Involucre in one series or calyculate, with smaller accessory 

 scales at base. Receptacle naked or alveolate. Achenia not 

 beaked. Pappus of numerous slender nearly equal bristles. 

 * Rays none. 



1. S. vulgaris Linn. : stem erect, often branching; leaves deeply pinna- 

 tifid, clasping, toothed; the lower tapering into petioles ; heads in a corymb, 

 nodding ; rays none ; pappus equalling the corolla. 



Waste places. N. S. May Oct. C\).Stem about a foot high. Heads yel- 

 low. Calyctdaie scales shorter than the involucre. Introduced from Europe. 



Common Groundsel. 



** Heads radiate. 



2. S. aureus Linn. : smooth or somewhat lanuginous ; radical leaves 

 cordate-ovate, obtuse, serrate, on long petioles ; cauline pinnatifid, toothed, 

 sessile, the terminal segments lanceolate ; heads few, in a somewhat um- 

 belled corymb. 



