128 



CELLS AND TISSUES 



much thicker and more protective than an epidermis. (Fig. 113.) 

 The cork covering may be more or less flexible, as the rind of an 



Irish Potato or Sweet Potato, or 

 harder and more brittle, as in the 

 bark of trees, where it reaches its 

 extreme thickness. Cork tissue con- 

 sists of dead cells in the walls of 

 which there is deposited a waxy 

 substance much like cutin but called 

 suberin to which much of the pro- 

 tective character of cork is due. 

 Cork coverings afford more protec- 

 tion than an epidermis, but on ac- 

 count of their opaqueness, they are 

 not suitable except where it is not 



necessary for light to penetrate to 

 FIG. 113. A small portion J 



of a section through an Irish the mner tlSSUes ' 

 Potato, r, rind composed of a The protection afforded by an 



number of layers of cork cells, epidermis and cork is often brought 



s, tissue filled with food. Highly to our notice in case of fruits, tubers, 



magnified. and fleghy rootg Tmig Apples, 



Oranges, and most fruits which may be kept a long time, if 



uninjured, soon decay when their rinds 



are broken. The efficiency of a corky 



rind to protect against the loss of water 



is shown by the experiment in which a 



peeled Irish Potato lost sixty times as 



much water in 48 hours as an unpeeled 



one of equal weight. 



Furthermore, cork tissue has an ad- 

 ditional function in the healing of 

 wounds where, by the development of 

 a callus-like mass of cork, the open- 

 ing of the wound is closed and the ch y ma cells from the stem 

 break in the protective covering of of a Dock (Rumex) showing 

 the plant thereby repaired. It is im- 

 portant to recognize this fact in prun- at the an g les - 



1,1 n j.i_ berlam. 



ing where the promptness as well as the 



thoroughness of the healing depends much upon how the wound 

 is made. 



FIG. 114. Some collen- 



the cells thickened mainly 

 After Cham- 



