DAIRY STABLES. 1 7 



temperature may be got in wooden buildings by 

 using rough lumber on the studding, then building 

 paper, and then matched lumber. The outside may 

 also have rough lumber and paper on the studs, with 

 a finish of planed lumber and battens put on per- 

 pendicularly. Cement, hollow and ordinary brick 

 and stone may also be used for the walls of stables. 

 Double windows on the north side are an advantage 

 in winter. 



The problem of ventilation involves the bringing of 

 fresh air into the stable without causing a cold 

 draught upon the cows, and the removal of the foul 

 air from both the upper and lower parts of the stable. 

 A sub-earth duct, which will be more fully described 

 in connection with curing-rooms at cheeseries, gives 

 an excellent means of bringing fresh air into a stable, 

 as it cools the air in summer and warms it in winter. 

 Where this is not practicable, the air in winter should 

 enter near the ceiling, so as to be warm before it is 

 distributed among the cattle. The foul air should be 

 taken from the floor as well as from the ceiling. This 

 may be done by having the ventilators extend to 

 near the floor, with adjustable openings at the top and 

 bottom. 



For sanitary reasons, there should be no room for 

 hay and straw above the cows. For economic 

 reasons, the plan of having a storage above the stable 

 is usually adopted. 



Cement floors are most easily kept clean, and also 

 most durable, but they are somewhat objectionable, 

 as they tend to cripple the animals and cause dis- 



