USES OF THE BABCOCK TESTER. 57 



been adulterated by watering or skimming. The 

 following are general rules : 



A low lactometer reading (under 28) combined 

 with a low percentage of fat (under 3%) indicates 

 watering of milk. 



A high lactometer reading (above 36) combined 

 with a low percentage of fat indicates skimming of 

 milk. 



A normal lactometer reading (30 to 32) combined 

 with a very low per cent, of fat (under 2%) indicates 

 both skimming and watering. 



CALCULATING SOLIDS NOT FAT FROM LACTOM. 

 ETR AND FAT READINGS. 



A simple formula, recommended by Babcock, is as 

 follows : To the lactometer reading at 60 degrees add 

 the percentage of fat and divide by four. Briefly, it is 



L. R. at 60 + % fat _ o / Q M T- 

 ~~^~ 



Sometimes the following is recommended : J^ L.R. 

 + .2 fat = % S.N.F. 



The total solids of milk are made up of the solids 

 fat and the solids not fat. The normal percentage of 

 water in a sample of milk may be got by subtracting 

 the percentage of total solids from 100. 



USES OF THE BABCOCK TESTER. 



1. To determine the relative value of cows in the 

 herd. 



2. To determine the relative value of milks for 

 butter and cheese making. 



