GONOPTERYX RHAMNI. 73 



powerful look, and the white silky hairs that meet in 

 a ridge over the back of the insect. The antennae are 

 short, brown in colour, and the tip has a graceful, 

 downward curve. The ground-colour of the female is 

 very pale whitish-green instead of gold, causing it to be 

 often mistaken at a distance for a Large White (Pieris 

 brassica). 



G. rhamni is subject to considerable variation in the 

 size of the orange spots these sometimes, in the south 

 of Europe and other warmer climates, almost covering the 

 upper surface of the fore-wings. This variety has some- 

 times been described as a separate species under the 

 name of G. cleopatra ; but as it is said that both forms 

 have been grown from the same batch of eggs, this does 

 not seem to be the case. 





