MELANARGIA GALATEA. 133 



(Cvnonympha typhori), give one the idea that they 

 require protection against the cold, which is perhaps the 

 case. 



In the whole group there is a great similarity in shape 

 and often in colour of the larvae, which are without 

 spines and taper towards both extremities, but especially 

 towards the anal one, which is bifid. All feed on grasses 

 and pass the winter in the larval stage. 



The pupae are stout, with broad heads, and practically 

 without spines or angles. Normally they are attached 

 by the tail to the food-plant; but frequently they are not 

 suspended at all, and the wrinkled skin of the larva often 

 remains attached to the anal extremity of the pupa. 



The imago usually has elongated knobs to the antennae, 

 and has only four perfect legs adapted for walking. All 

 are weak on the wing and easily caught. In several 

 species the male is distinguished from the female by the 

 presence on the former of a dark bar on the upper 

 surface of the fore-wings near their base. The eleven 

 species are distributed amongst six genera : Melan- 

 argia, Erebia, Pararge, Satyrus, Epinephele, and Cceno- 

 nympha. Erebia ligea (Arran Brown) used to be taken 

 in the Isle of Arran, but is not now usually considered 

 as British. Epinephele hero has also been claimed by 

 some as a native. 



Melanargia, Meigen. 



M. galatea, Linn. (Marbled White) (Figs. 136 to 139), 

 is the only British species of its genus. It is not a White, 

 although in colouring it somewhat resembles one, and its 

 common English name would seem to class it amongst 

 them. Its relationship may be known by its possessing 

 but four perfect legs and by the presence of eye-spots 

 on the wings, which, however, are not very conspicuous 



