152 THE BOOK OF BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



streaks on the wing-cases, and a few dots on the cases 

 of the antennae and tongue. The skin sometimes, perhaps 

 always, remains attached to the anal extremity of the 

 pupa, which is not always suspended. 



The costal margin of the imago (Figs. 161 to 163) is 

 convex, the hind-margin of the fore-wings is nearly straight, 

 and the hind-wings are scalloped. The ground-colour is a 

 dark, smoky brown, sometimes extremely dark in the male 

 (Fig. 161), and often varying in the opposite direction in 

 the female (Fig. 163). In the former sex the fore-wings have 

 on their upper surface, near the centre, an orange tinge, 

 which in the female becomes a bright patch, often covering 

 half the wing. The male usually has further an ill-defined 

 dark bar stretching from the base of the fore-wings half- 

 way to their tip. Both sexes bear near the tip of the fore- 

 wings a white-centred black eye-spot, sometimes inclined 

 to be double, within a pale ring in the male and the 

 orange patch in the female. The colouring of the 

 upper surface of the hind-wings is nearly uniform, but 

 there is usually a broad somewhat lighter band, clearer 

 in the female, parallel to the hind-margin. The markings 

 of the under-surface (Fig. 162) are extremely similar to 

 those of the upper surface but much lighter, and the 

 paler band on the hind-wings is more conspicuous, and 

 often contains two or three black spots, representing the 

 eye-spots on most of the butterflies of this group. Besides 

 the variations mentioned, specimens sometimes occur with 

 patches almost white in colour on one or more of the 

 wings; and the distinctions between the male and the 

 female are sometimes almost or quite obliterated. It 

 will thus be clear, as was mentioned above, that a long 

 series will be required for the cabinet, and though each 

 individual may be of little worth in itself, yet a good 

 series may be very valuable indeed. 



