142 THE BOOK OF FORESTRY 



most important products for export were the so-called 

 naval stores, the turpentine and rosin extracted from 

 the resinous sap of the Georgia pine. At the present 

 time this is still a business of considerable magnitude, 

 for each year products aggregating $25,000,000 are 

 manufactured. On account of the character of the 

 Southern forests the manufacture of naval stores is an 

 industry devoid of risk and romance but a story of 

 how turpentine and rosin is made may be instructive. 

 Practically speaking only the longleaf or Georgia pine 

 furnishes resin of the composition from which tur- 

 pentine can be made. From the sap of the Cuban and 

 other pines, naval stores are extracted but the amount 

 they furnish is quite small by comparison. 



The steps in making turpentine are as follows: 

 Close to the ground a deep notch pointing in toward the 

 center is cut in the large trees. This notch, called 

 the "box," collects the resinous exudation which oozes 

 from the cuts on the bark above. Each week a new 

 streak is hacked which exposes a new portion of the 

 bark farther up the tree, thus opening fresh tubes and 

 keeping the tree bleeding continually. A certain 

 amount of the resin dries before it has flowed down 

 to the box and this portion may be scraped from the 

 tree afterward. The fluid resin which collects in the 

 "box is dipped out with a paddle and carried to the 

 turpentine still in barrels where it is heated in a copper 

 kettle, equipped with a long coiled pipe or worm which 

 serves to condense the turpentine which distills over. 



The most up-to-date orchards collect the resin in a 

 Herty cup instead of the old-fashioned "box." This 

 cup may be moved up the tree as the occasion demands 

 and as a result more turpentine is obtained by reducing 

 Evaporation. Progressive operators are using the cup 



