306 THE BOOK OF FORESTRY 



figure of the wood. In actual practice there are several ways of 

 accomplishing this result. 



Regular Forest. Forest in which the trees are approximately 

 of the same age. 



Reproduction. 1. The process by which a forest is renewed. 

 Natural reproduction is the renewal of a forest by self-sown seeds, 

 or by sprouts. Artificial reproduction is the renewal of a forest 

 by sowing or planting. 2. Seedlings or saplings from sprouts or 

 from self-sown seed. 



Reproduction Cutting. Any cutting intended to invite or assist 

 reproduction. 



Rise. The difference in diameter, or taper, betweeb two points 

 in a log. 



River Boss. The foreman in charge of a log drive. 



Root. A part of the plant which absorbs nourishment for the 

 plant, or serves as a support. 



Root Collar. That place at the base of a tree where the swelling 

 which is the direct result of the ramifications of the roots begins. 



Rotation. The period represented by the age of a forest, or a 

 part of a forest, at the time when it is cut, or intended to be 

 cut. 



Sample Tree. A tree which in diameter, height and volume is 

 representative of a tree class. A class sample tree is a tree which in 

 diameter, height and volume represents the average of several tree 

 classes. 



Sapling. A tree 3 feet or over in height, and less than 4 inches 

 in diameter, breasthigh. A small sapling is a sapling from 3 to 

 10 feet in height. A large sapling is a sapling 10 feet or over in 

 height. 



Sealer. One who determines the volume in logs by applying the 

 scale stick to the small end of the log and reading the contents from 

 the stick. 



Second Growth. Forest growth which comes up naturally after 

 cutting, fire or other disturbing cause. 



Seed. The ripened ovule. 



Seedbed. A specially prepared area, usually in the forest nursery, 

 for the raising of seedlings. 



Seed Forest. A forest composed wholly or mainly of trees from 



Seed Spot. A small area, usually in a burn or in an opening in 

 the forest, which is sown with tree seed. 



Seed Tree. Any tree which bears seed; specifically, a tree which 

 is left to provide the seed for natural reproduction. 



Seed Year. A year in which a given species of tree bears seed; 

 specifically, a year in which a given species bears seed abundantly. 



Self-sown Seed. Strictly, disseminated without the intervention 

 of human or animal agency; in common practice, seed sown by any 

 agency other than man. 



Shake. A crack in timber, due to frost or wind. 



Shelterbelt. Natural or artificial forest maintained as a pro- 

 tection from wind or snow. A narrow shelterbelt in which true 

 forest conditions do not exist is a windbreak when maintained as 



