52 EVIDENCE AND EXAMPLES. 



and social movements. The reflective impassioned and 

 more or less indolent thinkers have been indirectly 

 helpful, but are necessarily less known. Within each 

 of the two great classes, and between the two extremes, 

 there is a remarkable range and variety of character. 



The two great Romans, Caesar and Cicero, were 

 widely different characters, but they were both exam- 

 ples of the active type : Cicero was much the more 

 marked example both in bodily figure and mental 

 organization, and well illustrates the association of a 

 given skeleton with a given brain. Cassar was proba- 

 bly not far removed from the strictly intermediate 

 type. Both were men of notable parentage; both 

 possessed extraordinary genius ; the dominant impulse 

 in both was to action and public life, and not to 

 brooding, contemplation, or seclusion. In public life, 

 rhetoric and action are almost convertible terms. As 

 a rhetorician Cicero had no rival ; in the more 

 reflective domain of philosophy he completely failed. 

 Both were alert and untiring, witty and eloquent; 

 both were on the whole, as the active temperament so 

 frequently is, generous and placable ; both were of 

 high character ; Cicero's personal purity was especially 

 marked, for having no passions he knew no fierce tempta- 

 tion. Both loved power, but Csesar probably loved it 

 more as Cromwell did, because it made easier the secur- 

 ing of the public well-being. With so much in common 

 the difference between them was vast. In intellectual 

 power, in moral impulse, in conduct, and certainly in 

 achievement, Caesar was unquestionably the superior. 

 There was at least something of repose in one; the 

 other was an extreme example of emotionless unrest. 

 Rhetoric demands no emotion profound emotion in- 

 deed is a distinct check on the flood of even impressive 



