FISH OF OXTAJUO. 47 



v/ide arch as in the minnows generally ; upper jaw not protractile ; pha- 

 ryngeal bones small, the teeth hooked, and without grinding surface, i, 4- 

 4, I. Scales moderate; lateral line complete. Dorsal origin is nearly 

 over the beginning of the ventral ; anal fin short ; isthmus broad ; gill rakers 

 weak ; pseudobranchial present, air bladder normal ; alimentary canal 

 short ; peritoneum white. Size large. No marked sexual peculiarities ; 

 the males with some black pigment in spring. One of the most strongly 

 marked genera of Cyprinidae. 



(54) Cut-lips. Stone-toter. 



(Exoglossum maxillingua.) 



Body rather short, and stout ; caudal peduncle short and deep. Snout 

 short and obtusely conical, lower jaw included; eye small. Caudal mod- 

 erately forked. Scales, 9-54-6. Teeth, i, 4-4, 1. D. , 8; A. , 7. 



Colour, dusky olivaceous, darker above; a short and narrow dark bar 

 above the root of pectoral ; young with a dusky b^r at the caudal base. 

 Fins dusky, with pale extemities. 



This fish may be readily distinguished by the three-lobed lower jaw, 

 the dentary bones being closely united and the lower lip represented by a 

 fleshy lobe on each side of the mandible. 



Length, about six inches. 



The Stone-toter has not a very wide range ; it is found in the St. 

 Lawrence River and in Lake Ontario, but does not appear to be abundant. 



Genus CYPRINUS. (Cakp.) 



Body robust, compressed ; mouth moderate, anterior, with four long 

 barbels; snout blunt, rounded; teeth molar, broad and truncate, i, i, 3- 

 3, I, I ; scales large; lateral line continuous; dorsal fin very long, with a 

 stout spine, serrated behind ; anal fin short, also with a spine. Large 

 fishes of the fresh waters of Asia ; introduced into Europe and .A^merica 

 as food fishes. 



(55) Carp. (Introduced.) 



(Cyprinus carpio.) 



Body stout, moderately elongate ; head comparatively small ; mouth 

 moderate, the upper jaw not extending to front of eye; a barbel on the 

 upper lip and another on the angle of the mouth at each side. Caudal 

 strongly forked. Scales, 5-38-5. D. IIL, 20; A. IIL, 5; V. L, 7; P., 15. 



Colour, above dusky, the sides and below golden olive. 



There are three varieties of this species, the German or Scale Carp, 

 the Mirror Carp, and the Leather Carp, the distinction between them being 

 based upon the scale arrangement. The Leather Carp is nearly without 

 scales. The Mirror has a few scales of unequal size, irregularly placed ; 



