Killing of Plant Tissue by Low Temperature 



299 



was killed in Missouri. The material was generally kept at the mini- 

 mum for thirty minutes. The temperature fall was as slow as it 

 could be made with the freezer used. 



Table 51. Giving Results of Artificial Freezing of Fruit 



Blossoms 



Material 



Apple, Ben Davis 



Peach, Elberta Seedling 



Pear, Kieffer 



Plum, Wild Goose 



Cherry 



Apple, Stannard 



Peach, Elberta Seedling 



Pear, Kieffer 



Plum, Wild Goose 



Cherry 



Apple, Ben Davis 



Peach, Rareripe 



Apple, Jonathan 



Apple, Jonathan 



Apple, Jonathan 



Cherry, English Morello 

 Cherry, English Morello 

 Apple, Rome Beauty... 



Peach, Hiley 



Cherry, Montmorency.. 



Apple, Jonathan 



Peach, Early Bernard. . 



Peach, Gold Drop 



Cherry, Dyehouse 



Plum, Wild Goose 



Pear, Kieffer 



Apple, Jonathan 



Peach, Lewis 



Cherry, Dyehouse 



Condition of 



Flowers When 



Frozen 



Not fully open 

 Fully open. . . . 



Fully open 



Fully open. . . . 

 Not fully open 

 Fully open.. . . 

 Fully open.. . . 

 Fully open.. . . 

 Fully open. . . . 

 Fully open.. . . 

 Fully open. . . . 

 Petals falling. . 

 Not fully open 

 Fully open.. . . 

 Petals falling.. 

 Fully open. . . . 

 Petals falling. . 

 Fully open. . . . 

 Young fruit . . . 

 Fully open. . . . 



Young fruit 



Young fruit. . . 

 Young fruit . . . 

 Young fruit . . . 

 Young fruit . . . 

 Young fruit . . . 

 Young fruit . . . 

 Young fruit. . . 

 Young fruit . . . 



Date 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



lApr. 



'Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



May 



May 



I May 



May 



May 



May 



May 



iMay 



May 



May 



May 



IMay 



14,'ll 

 14,'ll 

 14,'ll 

 14,'n 

 14, '11 

 15,'ll 

 15, '11 

 15, '11 

 15, '11 

 15, '11 

 15, '11 

 28,'13 

 28,'13 

 28,'13 

 28, '13 

 28, '13 

 28,'13 

 1,'13 

 1,'13 

 1,'13 

 10,'13 

 10,'13 

 10,'13 

 10,'13 

 10,'13 

 10,'13 

 17, '13 

 17, '13 

 17. '13 



Tem- 

 pera- 

 ture 



27.5 

 27.5 

 27.5 

 27.5 

 27.5 

 27.5 

 27.5 

 27.5 

 27.5 

 27.5 

 27.5 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 24.8 

 24.8 

 24.8 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 26.6 

 24.8 

 24.8 

 24.8 



Num- 

 ber 

 Blossoms 



87 

 66 

 40 

 60 

 97 

 45 

 87 

 70 

 50 

 91 

 61 

 86 

 100 

 78 

 120 

 130 

 107 

 83 

 76 

 40 

 53 

 74 

 65 

 44 

 93 

 32 

 19 

 23 

 IS 



Percent- 

 age 

 Killed 



31.0 



6.1 



0.0 



0.0 



50.5 



40.0 



60.9 



32.8 



0.0 



58.2 



22.9 



2.5 



8.0 



56.4 



18.0 



48.5 



67.1 



40.9 



1.3 



52.5 



71.7 



94.6 



75.4 



70.4 



16.1 



78.1 



68.4 



43.5 



66.6 



These artificial freezings are not accurate in determining the 

 minimum temperature which the bloom, etc., will withstand, since 

 it is not possible to duplicate in the freezer the rate of temperature 

 fall, etc., outside, nor is it possible to make two freezings exactly 

 duplicate each other. However, it is safe to conclude from this 

 table that the unopened flowers are slightly more hard\' than the 

 fully open ones, and that the fruits are slightly more tender than the 

 flowers. The difference with apples, jutlging from these freezings 

 and from our oliservations on freezings outside, is not so great as 



with peaches. 

 11 



