138 LAND AND LABOR. 



dexterous hand sent it flying through the warp, to add 

 another thread to the web, followed by the stroke of 

 the swinging beam. In most of our towns and cities 

 hand carding, spinning, and weaving were established 

 trades, giving employment to large numbers of men, 

 women, and children. 



In 1813 Francis C. Lowell and Paul Moody made 

 the first successful introduction of the power loom in 

 a factory which they built in Waltham, Massachu- 

 setts, containing 1,700 spindles. During the same 

 year the Scotch loom and engine and dressing ma- 

 chine were introduced in Providence, Ehode Island, 

 by William Gilmour, from Glasgow. The next oper- 

 ation was by P. T. Jackson, Nathan Appleton, Kirk 

 Boott, and others, in 1822, in East Chelmsford, now 

 Lowell, Massachusetts. From that time to this there 

 has been a constant and rapid development in the in- 

 vention, improvement, and application of machinery 

 in every description of textile manufactures. We will 

 examine some of the leading facts upon this point. 



The Frankford yarn mill, in Philadelphia, during 

 the month of July, 1877, in all its operations, from 

 the receipt of the raw material to the delivery of the 

 finished product, employed 151 persons of both sexes 

 and all ages. In the twenty- three and a half days in 

 which the mill run during that month there was pro- 

 duced 1,723,433 skeins of yarn, containing 840 yards 

 each, which gave for the month a fraction over 822,547 

 miles in length of yarn, or 35,002 miles a day. It would 

 require 61,603 women, with the old hand cards and 

 spinning wheels, to produce the same amount in the 

 same length of time, 1,000 yards of yarn, carded and 



