MACHINERY IN PRINTING. 145 



of mechanical power over that of the muscular force 

 of the past century. 



In Loot and shoe making one man, with the tools 

 and machinery now in use in that industry, turns out 

 three thousand pairs of hoots and shoes in a year, 

 where fifty years ago he could produce not more than 

 two hundred pairs. 



In huikling and carpentry the planing machine will 

 do the work of at least fifteen to twenty men with 

 hand planes ; the circular saw more than fills the 

 place of a dozen men with hand saws ; the molding 

 machine will cut more moldings than can ten men 

 with the old tools. So with the jig saw, the band 

 saw, the mortising machine, and the many other ma- 

 chines in use in wood work. 



The sewing machine has taken the place of the 

 hand needle, one woman now doing the work that hut 

 a short time ago would require at least a dozen. 



Machinery, in some half dozen establishments in 

 our country, now makes the watches for the world, 

 having quite demoralized that great industry in Swit- 

 zerland, France, and England. 



In printing, at the beginning of the century, all the 

 books, papers, and other work, were done upon the 

 hand press, directly from the type. The limit of pro- 

 duction, from one press, worked by two men, was two 

 hundred and fifty impressions an hour, of two pages 

 not larger than one side of the New York Sun ; thus 

 limiting the possible issue of any daily paper to about 

 two thousand copies. The presses now in common 

 use in our large newspaper establishments will give 

 thirty thousand impressions, or fifteen thousand per- 



