146 LAND AND LABOR. 



fected papers in an hour, all nicely folded, with no 

 limit as to size. To-day, by the improvement in the 

 presses, and the invention and use of the processes of 

 stereotyping, with no change in type setting, in the 

 great newspaper establishments, seventy-five men are 

 actually doing the work that would have required the 

 labor of at least ten thousand to accomplish at the 

 beginning of the present century, and which may be 

 extended to double and quadruple the present amount 

 by the labor of half a dozen additional men. 



So in every direction has machinery supplanted the 

 use of muscle in the work of production and distribu- 

 tion, and wherever else force is used, solely for the 

 purpose of man's consumption. Even in the horse car 

 stables in Philadelphia, machinery has been brought 

 into use to run the brushes in cleansing the horses, 

 with a large saving of manual labor. 



These illustrations should sufficiently indicate the 

 revolution that has been wrought in the production 

 of everything that enters into man's consumption 

 the displacement of muscle by the use of machinery 

 and the imperative necessity that has arisen to de- 

 vise some means by which consumption shall be cor- 

 respondingly developed, if possible, and that man be 

 protected from the evils of idleness. 



Before 1860, more than twenty years ago, the in- 

 ventions and improvements in machinery had created 

 armies of idlers and beggars who filled the country 

 with tlirir cries for work. But the operations of the 

 \\ar <>f tin- rebellion suddenly called all the idlers into 

 active employment, and for four years ihore was work 

 for all. But during and since the war the power of 



