152 LAND AND LABOR. 



To the above figures, as received from the Quarter- 

 master General, I add 9,834 employed in the Ord- 

 nance bureau of the War Department, 11,025 in -the 

 bureau of Engineers, and 82,270 employed in the 

 Navy Department ; making a total of 1,533,129 men 

 employed by government in those departments at or 

 near the close of the war. The number employed in 

 the bureau of the Commissary of Subsistence, and of 

 the Pay Office, which I did not obtain, would no 

 doubt increase the total number to fully 1,550,000 

 men, at that time in those services, as against 25,000 

 men now in the army, and about 7,000 in the navy. 

 Neither was I able to obtain any statement as to the 

 number employed in the construction of heavy ord- 

 nance for the army or navy, nor for vessels of war, 

 where furnished by private individuals or companies. 



These statements and estimates show that in the 

 North alone at least one million five hundred thou- 

 sand soldiers, and civilians with the armies who had 

 been employed in the service of the government, by 

 the close of the war of the rebellion found their occu- 

 pations gone and themselves in idleness. 



An equal number of persons, as estimated by Quar- 

 termaster General Meigs, and as generally estimated 

 in the European armies, were employed in the supply 

 of war material and subsistence ; or, as stated by a 

 late Secretary of the Interior, in September, 1878, in 

 his Cincinnati speech, in the " large industries minis- 

 tering to the work of destruction." To this host must 

 be added the great numbers employed in the Sanitary 

 and Christian Commissions, and other voluntary or- 

 ganizations, receiving their employment and subsist- 



