FOREIGN TRADE NO REMEDY. 199 



" The Bengal cotton mills work fourteen hours per day, and 

 the Bowriah cotton mills twenty hours per day, as well as Sun- 

 days ; and some of the Calcutta mills are lit up with gas and 

 work day and night, as well as Sundays. Undoubtedly the 

 machinery, working day and night, can not but last for a very 

 few years ; consequently the poor shareholders will have soon 

 to renew the machinery." 



The amount of wages paid is not stated ; but it is 

 well known that wages in India, like wages in China, 

 are very low in the neighborhood often cents a day. 



To obtain a foreign market, in textiles, we must, 

 therefore, compete with fourteen, twenty, and twenty- 

 four hours a day of work, for seven days in the week, 

 with wages at ten cents a day, or sixty or seventy 

 cents a week. There is a lamentation in this extract 

 over the wear and tear of machinery and " the poor 

 shareholders." But the wear and tear of poor workers 

 do not enter into the account. Laborers are of no 

 more value or cost to the manufacturer in India than 

 in the United States. It costs no more to replenish 

 humanity there than here. When one working man 

 or woman is worn out and disappears, no doubt a 

 dozen or more are found competing for the vacant 

 place, in India, as in the United States and all the 

 countries of Europe. 



This picture of manufactures in India will answer 

 for China, for South America, Central America, and 

 Mexico. They are all struggling for the same posi- 

 tion, and they all have England, Germany, France, 

 and the United States to help them onward, by sup- 

 plying them with the required machinery, and experts 

 to teach its use. A Hindoo boy or girl can run a 



