CHAPTER XIII. 



THE RELATIONS OF TRADE TO THE EMPLOYMENTS OP 

 THE PEOPLE. 



OF the absolute dependence of all trade upon the 

 labor and consumption of the masses of man- 

 kind abundant evidence has already been presented, 

 and it might be extended indefinitely. But labor, in 

 its primary state, is in no sense dependent on trade. 

 In the economy of life they are not equal. It has 

 been only in the developments of civilization that 

 trade has been brought into existence, and has arro- 

 gated to itself the first position in society, seeking in 

 every possible manner to degrade and destroy that 

 which gave it life, and has ever been its sole support. 



There are a few additional facts and considerations, 

 in the present exaltation of trade and degradation of 

 labor, that invite examination. 



Notwithstanding the fact that mechanical forces 

 have taken the place of muscle in all production, and 

 man has, to an alarming extent, become an idler, he 

 still remains the only consumer, and without his con- 

 sumption production becomes a waste of force, and 

 trade must cease ; for it is between production and 

 consumption that trade finds its use in carrying 



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