310 LAND AND LABOR. 



number can not be less than 17,000,000 who belong 

 to the productive classes and who should be at work. 

 Consequently if there are but 10,000,000 at present 

 engaged in the productive industries, there must be 

 7,000,000 who are not engaged. Does not that Bu- 

 reau know that within the last twenty years we have 

 had a large increase in our total population, and neces- 

 sarily of those who do or should belong to the indus- 

 trial classes ? 

 From page 12, I quote : - 



" Attempts have been made to convince the public that the 

 June report and the census of 1875, taken and reported by this 

 Bureau, were at great variance. And from the census returns 

 the assertion has been made that there must now be nearly 

 200,000 persons out of employment in this State," et seq. 



I filed with the Hewitt Labor Committee, in Au- 

 gust, 1878, a statement, based upon the facts found 

 in the Compendium of the Census of Massachusetts 

 for 1875, published in 1877, showing that 92,042 per- 

 sons, belonging to the industries therein enumerated 

 (not any portion of the 638,661 contained in the first 

 statement on page 85, Compendium), were unem- 

 ployed and unaccounted for in 1875. The correctness 

 of that statement has not yet been challenged. 



In the paper which I read before the American 

 Social Science Association, in May, 1878, upon the 

 same authority, but in a different view of the matter, 

 I showed that there was an idleness of not less than 

 97,975 persons. Those figures were made on a por- 

 tion, only, of the factors in the case, and fall short of 

 showing the actual amount of idleness. Yet the Bu- 



