300 Landscape Gardening 



work system was about ten cents per hole, or more than a 

 third beyond what it cost by the job. 



Now, whether a country place is large or small, there is 

 always, in the course of the season, more or less extra work 

 to be performed. The regular gardener, or workman, must 

 generally be hired by the day or month; though we know 

 instances of everything being done by contract. But all 

 this extra work can, in almost all cases, be done by contract, 

 at a price greatly below what it would otherwise cost. 

 Trenching, subsoiling, preparing the ground for orchards or 

 kitchen gardens, or even ploughing, and gathering crops, 

 may be done very much cheaper by contract than by day's 

 labor. 



In Germany, the whole family, including women and 

 children, work in the gardens and vineyards; and they 

 always do the same here when they have land in their own 

 possession. Now in every garden, vineyard, or orchard, 

 there is a great deal of light work, that may be as well per- 

 formed by the younger members of such a family as by any 

 others. Hence, we learn that the Germans, in the large 

 vineyards now growing on the Ohio, are able to cultivate 

 the grape more profitably than other persons; and hence, 

 German families, accustomed to this kind of labor, may 

 be employed by contract in doing certain kinds of horticul- 

 tural labors, at a great saving to the employer. 



Another mode of economizing, in this kind of expendi- 

 ture, is by the use of all possible labor saving machines. 

 One of our correspondents - - a practical gardener - - rec- 

 ommended, in our last number, that the kitchen garden, in 

 this country, in places of any importance, should always be 

 placed near the stables, to save trouble and time in carting 

 manure; and should be so arranged as to allow the plough 

 and cultivator to be used, instead of the spade and hoe. 

 This is excellent and judicious advice, and exactly adapted 

 to this country. In parts of Europe where garden labor 

 can be had for 20 cents a day, the kitchen garden may 

 properly be treated with such nicety that not only good 

 vegetables, but something ornamental shall be attained by 



