PLANTING MATERIALS 51 



attractive border for lawns and lakes. They help 

 to "tie" buildings to their sites and give an effect 

 of age. They may be used to separate bays so that 

 one part of a lawn or lake will be hidden from an- 

 other. They may screen fences, laundry yards, or 

 other objects that should be hidden, but primarily 

 they are planted for their own beauty or perfume. 

 This statement will be sufficiently illustrated by 

 the mere mention of certain common well-known 

 shrubs, such as lilacs, syringas, honeysuckles, and 

 roses. 



When shrubs are used to form a border, or when 

 they stand out only as individuals, the lower limbs 

 should be allowed to remain and spread out over or 

 rest upon the adjacent ground. To trim off these 

 branches and expose the upright stems greatly mars 

 their beauty. It is not expected that grass will grow 

 under well developed healthy shrubs. When shrubs 

 or trees are first set out, the ground underneath should 

 be cultivated or pulverized with a rake or hoe until 

 August or September ; but after one or two seasons of 

 such care, when these plants become well established, 

 no further attention should be needed, especially 

 if the leaves which drop in the fall can be allowed 

 to remain on the ground as a permanent mulch. The 



