86 LANDSCAPE-GARDENING 



ments to be considered. The wet land can be ex- 

 cavated, thus forming a lake, or it can be filled up, 

 forming ordinary ground, or it can be retained as 

 a marsh and developed by introducing the beauti- 

 ful plants found growing in such situations. It 

 \vould naturally be suitable for a bog-garden which 

 can be made a beautiful part of a landscape. 



SPRINGS 



The waters from rains and melting snow which 

 enter the ground at relatively high levels may 

 descend until some impervious stratum is reached, 

 and then flow out as springs \vhere the impervious 

 stratum meets a ravine, a valley, or the bank of a 

 stream. Springs vary in size from a tiny trickling 

 rill that will merely moisten the earth to a large 

 river which issues from its source in such volume 

 as to be navigable from its beginning ; but whatever 

 its size, a spring may be an interesting feature in a 

 landscape. The smallest one may moisten the earth 

 enough for marsh marigolds, forget-me-nots and iris, 

 those somewhat larger may spread out into clear 

 pools, reflecting jewel-weeds and gentians, or may 

 tumble over bowlders and make cheerful sounds. A 

 spring is an acquisition to be prized. Its treatment 



