200 LANDSCAPE-GARDENING 



then enters a valley, bounded on the east or left by 

 a ridge having gradually sloping sides, and on the 

 west by a rather steep bluff. The highway in ques- 

 tion follows along the east side of the valley, gradually 

 climbing the broad ridge. The valley is good farm- 

 ing land with pasture and cultivated fields. The 

 time is October. The bluff on the west side of the 

 valley is covered, for the most part, with sugar maples 

 which are brilliantly colored in the morning sun. 

 The broad ridge which the highway is following is 

 old pasture land, some of the fields being thickly 

 sprinkled with hawthorns which the cattle have 

 trimmed into characteristic shapes. Many of these 

 have grown above the browsing line and are covered 

 with red fruits. Little ravines cross the highway and 

 carry surface water underneath through pipes or 

 culverts. At the first point in this mind picture, 

 where the drive begins to follow the ridge, the road- 

 way curves slightly toward the left, and the sloping 

 roadside toward the ridge is covered with Virginia 

 creepers carrying red leaves and dark-bluish berries. 

 Then there is a roadside covering of wild roses with 

 red fruits and dark red stems. On the right, the 

 valley side, is first a group of elms which shade the 

 road and frame the landscape. Continuing toward 



