THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



where vines are protected in the autumn 

 by laying them down and covering them 

 with soil. The canes are carried up 

 from the ground in a divergent manner, 

 in the form of a fan. The old canes are 

 cut out and "removed from time to time 

 as they grow too rigid to allow of easy 

 bending. At the close of the growing 

 season after the leaves have fallen, the 

 greater number of the canes are cut back 

 to the last bud. A few of the strongest 

 are left, in order t j carry the fruit to a 

 greater height upon the trellis. 



There is a tendency on the part of 

 the grower to allow too much wood to 

 remain on the plant in the autumn, 



near the ground, giving the vine practi- 

 cally several main stems. 



High Renewal. — This system, or 

 modillcation of it, are probably more 

 generally adopted throughout Ontario 

 than any other. It aims at starting the 

 head about two feet from the ground, so 

 that the main branches are tied to the 

 lower wire. The vine is usually started 

 the second year with two canes striking 

 out in Y-shaped fashion. In the fall of 

 the same year all side shoots are cut 

 back closely and the main canes cut 

 back to four or five buds each. The 

 third season three or four of the strong- 

 est roots springing from the centre of 



' *' ' <^,,* » ^ 



Fig. 



1335.— Fan System Pruned. ( From a photograph. ) 



especially when it is young. The vine 

 should not be allowed to bear the sec- 

 ond year after setting out, and only a 

 small crop the third year. I quite real- 

 ize that instructions of this kind are 

 much easier given than understood and 

 carried out. A heavy crop of fruit borne 

 by young vines the third year after plant- 

 ing will sometimes ruin the yield for two 

 or three succeeding years, and often 

 destroy the vines. The prospective 

 crop may be more or less accurately 

 estimated by multiplying the number of 

 buds by two, this kind of estimate may 

 be used as a guide in pruning. The 

 fan system aims, at starting the canes 



the head are allowed to grow. In the 

 autumn these replace the outer arms, 

 and in turn are replaced by them the 

 following season. The aim is, then to 

 renew the fruiting canes from different 

 parts of the old wood every year. The 

 number of buds to be left will depend 

 upon the strength of the variety and the 

 individual plant. Concord, Niagara and 

 Worden will carry with safety more wood 

 than Moore's Early or Delaware. As 

 tne canes grow they are tied • to the 

 wires of the trellis, distributing the foli- 

 age as much as possible. It is usually 

 found necessary to go over the vineyard 

 two, three and, occasionally four times. 



152 



