THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



practically the same as that used by the Do- 

 minion Department of Agriculture at Inger- 

 soll last year. The pump is double cylin- 

 der, with two speed gear and tank filler, ope- 

 rated by a Coldwater. j\Iichigan, gasoline 

 engine of two and a half rated horse-power. 

 Two lines of hose with 12 nozzles receive 

 ample power from the slow-speed gear. The 

 tank with this machine has a capacity of 200 

 imperial gallons, which I find rather too 

 nuich for the hilly orchards around Trenton. 



THE DEMONSTRATIONS. 



Owing to the lateness of the season when 

 the machines were started the first spraying 

 on the dormant trees ^vas omitted. The 

 first application began at Meaford May 5 

 and at Trenton May 11. After the initial 

 attempts both machines ran smoothly, and 

 at the date of writing 'have given no trouble. 

 Many of the orchards in both locations are 

 hilly and will furnish splendid tests of the 

 practical value of these machines under try- 

 insf conditions. The trees in manv cases 



are only 20 feet apart each way and render 

 the use of a tower almost impossible. The 

 axe could be used to advantage in such cases 

 and every other row^ should come out. 



It is the aim of the Department in this 

 work to interest the fruit growers sufficiently 

 that they may, where already organized as a 

 local fruit growers' association, take up the 

 work thus begun, and having purchased 

 power machines run them from year to year 

 for the benefit of their mem'bers. The 

 newly-organized cooperative associations 

 will, it is 'hoped, make this one of the main 

 features of their cooperation. 



With good fruit to sell no association need 

 fear as to the prices. The increase of the 

 apple scab in Ontario seems to have im- 

 pressed the growers with the absolute neces- 

 sity of spraying, and this task, for none 

 doubts that it is such, may be done far more 

 thoroughly, profitably and pleasantly by the 

 use of these powerful large-capacity ma- 

 chines than with the still useful hand pump. 



NEW FORMS OF KEROSENE EMULSION 



FRANK T. SHUTT, CHEMIST, AND W. T. MACOUN, HORTICULTURIST, C. E. F., OTTAWA. 



IX regard to the practical use of the new 

 forms of kerosene emulsion, described 

 in the ^lay issue of The Horticulturist, we 

 beg to state that although a considerable 

 amount of spraying has been done, both with 

 the lime and flour emulsions during the past 

 month, the season is not yet sufificiently ad- 

 vanced to allow us to make deductions as to 

 the strengths best and safest to use. We 

 may. however, make the following remarks : 

 Lime Emulsions : All these emulsions 

 keep excellently, only traces of free oil show- 

 ing after five weeks standing. There is. as 

 before noticed, a separation into limey layers, 

 but these on merely shaking or stirring 

 readily become incorporated, making a 

 smooth and uniform emulsion. Of the 

 many lime emulsions under trial we conclude 

 that the most satisfactorv is the one made 



with freshly slaked lime. 



Flour Emulsions : These, with the ex- 

 ception of the emulsion made with scalded 

 flour show a separation of oil on standing. 

 Churning for five minutes, as with the Bor- 

 deaux mixture is, however, sufficient to again 

 thoroughly incorporate the oil and make a 

 satisfactory emulsion. The scalded flour 

 emulsion (though, as in the case of the lime 

 forms, showing a layer of thin oily paste) 

 gave but slight indication of free oil. This 

 layer very readily becomes re-incorporated 

 and an excellent emulsion obtained. 



W^hen properly prepared no difference 

 could be observed in the application of these 

 emulsions, but the whitening effect on the 

 sprayed trees, etc., of the lime forms and the 

 absence of this feature from the use of flour 

 emulsions was particularly noticeable. 



