344 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



other food. . In new wood the amount re- 

 quired per acre was greatest in the case of 

 peach trees. Write to Geneva, N. Y., for 

 BuUetin 265. 



APPLE CULTURE DISCUSSED. 



In Bulletin 144, of the Ontario Agricul- 

 tural College, Guelph, " Apple Culture " in 

 its more important phases is dealt with 

 rather exhaustively. After referring to the 

 demand for nursery stock. Professor Hutt 

 gives some valuable advice regarding the 

 selection of varieties suitable for different 

 sections and classifies them into those suit- 

 able for market and those for home use, 

 giving a list of summer, fall and winter 

 varieties recommended by the Ontario Fruit 

 Experiment Stations. 



The location, exposure, windbreaks, pre- 

 paration of soil, arrangement of trees, dis- 

 tance apart, cultivation, cover crops, graft- 

 ing, pruning, harvesting, grading, market- 

 ing, storing and practically every operation 

 connected with apple growing are fully 

 dealt with. Professor Hutt concludes his 

 part of the bulletin by a calendar of opera- 

 tions which the orchardist should pay at- 

 tention to each month of the year. 



A few pages are devoted to the injurious 

 insects which trouble the apple orchard. 

 Professor Lochhead classifies these into in- 

 sects affecting the roots, insects affecting 

 the trunk, twigs, or branches, insects at- 

 tacking the buds and leaves, and insects at- 

 tacking the fruit. The pests commonly 

 found in Ontario orchards and the most ap- 

 proved methods of combatting each are 

 fully dealt with. 



Fungous diseases are discussed and 

 classified. The preparation of the best in- 

 secticides and fungicides, a few hints on or- 

 chard spraying, and a complete spray calen- 



dar for an apple orchard completes this very 

 excellent bulletin. Every orchardist should 

 write to the Ontario Department of Agri- 

 culture, Toronto, for a copy. 



A CORNELL BULLETIN. 



Another bulletin of special interest to or- 

 chardists is Xo. 226, entitled " An Apple 

 Orchard Survey." The purposes of 

 the survey were to correlate soil characters 

 with orchard conditions, to compare suc- 

 cesses and failures and ascertain underlying 

 causes, to investigate methods of orchard 

 management and determine the influence 

 of each, and to collect data on practical 

 apple-growing which would furnish indis- 

 putable evidence to assist horticultural in- 

 structors. 



These purposes were well carried out in 

 a thorough examination of numerous or- 

 chards in Wayne county. Every branch of 

 work connected with the production of the 

 apple crop receives due attention and in- 

 creased value is given to the work by the 

 use of numerous illustrations. After care- 

 ful investigation it was concluded that til- 

 lage, fertilization, pruning and spraying 

 are the chief factors that enter into good 

 care of an orchard, but that one or more of 

 these may be omitted for a time without 

 serious results. To some extent tillage 

 may replace fertilizers ; a thrifty orchard 

 may resist the attacks of disease ; or some 

 seasons may find few insects and spraying 

 can be discarded. However, the most suc- 

 cessful apple grower is the one who keeps 

 a proper balance between all four agencies. 

 He must also study and learn something 

 about the life processes, about insect and 

 fungous diseases, and about drainage and 

 other soil problems. This bulletin is is- 

 sued by Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 



Spraying is more generally practised now 

 than a few years ago. Growers are begin- 

 ning to see the need of better spraying, cul- 

 tivation and general care of their orchards. 

 — (A. E. Sherrington, Walkerton, Ont. 



My peach trees have been badly troubled 

 with the borer. I find the only way to keep 

 them in check is to go around with a good 

 stiff knife with a sharp turned up point and 

 dig them out. — (C. S. Nelles. Grimsbv. Ont. 



