58 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



four feet in length. All spurs are cut back 

 to one or two buds, from which the fruiting 

 branches will grow out during the summer. 

 For this method at least three wires are 



FIG. 63. 



Fig. 2728. The Fuller System. 



needed, so that the young wood may be tied 

 up as it grows. 



The renewal method differs from this only 

 in that the uprights are each grown for two 

 years before cutting down, and young canes 

 are meanwhile grown in readiness to take 

 their places. The number of these depends 



FfGiSb yFULLEP) 

 Fig. 2729. The Fuller System. 



much on the variety and strength of the 

 vine, and the fertility of the soil. The 

 usual distance apart for the upright canes is 

 from twelve to fifteen inches. On each of 

 these upright canes there will be seven or 

 eight fruiting buds. 



Temperature Scales Compared 



IN Canada and England such universal 

 use is made of the thermometer in- 

 vented by G. D. Fahrenheit, in which zero is 

 32 degrees below the freezing point, and 212 



is the boiling point of water, that we are 

 quite at sea when we read in a foreign jour- 

 nal of 10 degrees R or 10 degrees C, repre- 

 senting quite a different scale of gradua- 

 tions. 



It seems to us that the Centigrade ther- 

 mometer used in Europe, in which zero is 

 the freezing point and 100 is the boiling 

 point of water, is as much superior to the 

 Fahrenheit thermometer as the decimal 

 scale of counting money to the old English 

 division into pounds, shillings and pence. 

 There is another, the Reaumer scale, which 

 is similar to the latter, only that 80 degrees 

 is the boiling point instead of 100. During 

 this season, when we are closely watching 

 our thermometers to know the probable dan- 

 ger to our fruit crops, a diagram showing 

 these different scales of temperature nota- 

 tions will interest our readers. We also at- 

 tach formulae for converting one system into 

 another. 



