THE SMALL FRUIT GARDEN. 



appearance of this disease, 

 early in June, may be recog- 

 nized by small white pits on the 

 young canes, surrounded with 

 a dark bluish circle. These 

 pits soon enlarge and spread 

 over the canes, sometimes com- 

 pletely girdling them. The 

 disease may also effect the foli- 

 ^ asre, appearing in the form of 



!i^ rflP dark brown or reddish spots, 

 sometimes with a light centre, 

 as shown in the accompanying 

 illustration. The spots soon 

 enlarge and cause the foliage 

 to dry and curl up as if a fire 

 had gone over the plantation. 

 The white pits, ^hc remedy is a preventive 

 drrrwt'h'^ir^ one. viz., to spray in early 



on' The^ng ^priug with bluC vitriol, OUC 



re"r?y°pUnTs pou^d to 20 gallons of water, 

 by'the^fung^sdrs' ^ud duriug May with Bor- 



easeanthracnose, deaUX 

 are here shown. 



vidirby sp^aT- ^^^ ^^'■^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ 



ing as described cultivator through the rasp- 



on this page. o r 



berry patch will do better 

 work if he wears a wire muzzle, so that he 

 will not have his attention diverted from his 

 work while nipping ofj the young growth. 

 A leathern apron may be provided to pro- 

 tect his breast from scratches. This is es- 

 pecially desirable in cultivating the black- 

 berry plantation. 



I would strongly advise all owners of 

 vineyards to spray their vines two or three 

 times a year with the Bordeaux mixture. It 

 not only prevents disease and fungous 

 growth, but gives the vines a healthy ap- 

 pearance, and the fruit will be clean, bright 

 and nice. — (Aaron Cole, St. Catharines, 

 Ont. 



I plant my raspberries in rows about 5 

 feet apart, with 3 feet between the rows. — 

 (D. Bettschen, Violet Hill, Ont. 



A Practical Grape Grower's 

 Methods 



W. F. KYDD, SIMCOE^ ONT. 



IN growing grapes my method has been 

 to plant vigorous growing varieties, 12 

 feet apart in the row, with 10 to 12 feet be- 

 tween the rows. Dig a hole about 2 feet 

 square and i foot deep. Place the vine at 

 the back of the hole and spread the roots 

 straight out, covering them with several 

 inches of top soil. Tramp the soil down 

 quite firm, then fill the hole with loose earth. 



When planted cut the vine back to three 

 buds. After these buds have made a growth 

 of several inches, cut off the two poorer 

 ones, as only one is required for my method 

 of growing, which is called the Kiffen sys- 

 tem. In this system only two vines are 

 needed. The first is 3 feet from the ground, 

 the next 2^ feet higher. 



A thin stake must be driven into the 

 ground to train the young vine on till it 

 reaches the top wire. Allow no laterals to 

 grow on the young shciot, except two, one 

 on each side as near the first wire as possi- 

 ble. The upright must be tied several 

 times to the stake, for at this stage it is very 

 tender and easily broken by the wind. Never 

 use a hose among vines or young trees with- 

 out a muzzle, for even with the greatest of 

 care one will sometimes tear off an import- 

 ant arm or branch. Pinch off the upright 

 as soon as it reaches the top wire, then start 

 the upper laterals, allowing the four laterals 

 to grow only 6 feet. 



It may take two years to get the four 

 arms, but if every lateral is pinched off as 

 soon as possible it may do this the season, it 

 is planted, as mine have often done. About 

 every four years the arms should be re- 

 newed. This is done by training a young 

 shoot during the summer for the next year's 

 arm, starting it as near the upright as possi- 

 ble. I would not advise renewing the four 

 arms in one year. 



