THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



of spores, which endure the winter, and are 

 capable of infecting the trees the following 

 spring. 



The trees should be thoroughly sprayed 

 in time to destroy the spores before the 

 disease penetrates the wood in the sprmg. 

 The first spraying should be made with 

 poisoned Bordeaux mixture, or a sulphate 

 of copper solution, i pound sulphate of cop- 

 per to 25 gallons of water, shortly before 

 the buds start to develop, and with poisoned 

 Bordeaux mixture just before the blossoms 

 open. 'I'hese sprayings are very important, 

 and should never be neglected. After the 

 trees have bloomed they should be thor- 

 oughly sprayed again with ordinary pois- 

 oned Bordeaux mixture, and also ten days 

 to two weeks before the fruit begins to 

 color. The trees should also be sprayed 



The Apple Tree Borer 



L. W. 



EARLY in the month of June the trunks 

 of the apple trees should be washed 

 with a strong solution of soft soap and 

 washing soda not only to cleanse them of 

 bark lice and fungi, but also to prevent the 

 attacks of borers. Vigorous growing young 

 orchards are seldom attacked, but if the 

 trees are stunted in growth they are often 

 adly affected and sometimes almost ruined. 

 Two species are often met with in Ontario, 

 the round headed and the flat headed, the 

 former of which spends three years in its 

 larvae state working between the bark and 

 the sapwood, and even tunnelling into the 

 hardwood, while the latter completes its de- 

 velopment in a single year. 



The wash above described should be re- 

 duced to the consistency of paint and ap- 

 plied with a broom cut short so as to form 

 a sort of scrubbing brush. The object is 

 to prevent the female moth from depositing 

 its eggs within the bark during the summer 

 season. 



with ammoniacal copper carbonate solution 

 when the fruit is beginning to ripen. This 

 will destroy the spores which appear in great 

 numbers on the mature plums, and will not 

 discolor the fruit. 



Plums and peaches which touch one an- 

 other on the tree give very favorable con- 

 ditions for the spread of the disease from 

 one fruit to another. Being close together, 

 moisture is retained on the skin, and the 

 spores which, may be on one fruit germinate 

 readily and soon infect the next, and thus 

 the disease spreads rapidly. Thinning the 

 fruit makes the conditions much less favor- 

 able for the development of the disease. 

 Also discolored and dead wood should be 

 cut out and burned in the meantime. If 

 spraying is thoroughly done the injury from 

 this disease will be much lessened. 



Pruning Apple Trees 



it T HAVE almost invariably done my 

 1. pruning early in the spring, as soon 

 as the hard frosts are over, and consider- 

 ably before the sap moves. This is the 

 general practice in my neighborhood and 

 has given good results." 



So stated Mr. Wm. Rickard, M. L. A., of 

 Newcastle, Ont., to an editorial representa- 

 tive of The Horticulturist a few days ago. 

 " Some well known authorities," continued 

 Mr. Rickard, "claim June is the best time. 

 In my opinion June 'pruning tends to fruit- 

 fulness, while winter pruning tends to 

 growth of wood. 



" June undoubtedly is a good time to 

 prune, but I have never tried it, not having 

 had time to do the work at that season of 

 the year. I purpose, however, trying some 

 June pruning this year on some of my trees 

 to see what the effect will be." 



If a tree bears uniformly the fruit will be 

 larger and better every year. There is much 

 to learn about pruning and fertilizing. 



